Vaccine
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India is highly endemic for rabies. Although fatal, rabies is a preventable disease. Several factors interfere with the timely utilization of post exposure prophylaxis (PEP) in the population. There is a need to explore the factors leading to delay in PEP initiation. ⋯ Accessibility and lower economic status were the major factors associated with delay in initiation of PEP for rabies prevention.
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To identify the determinants of timely vaccination among young children in the North-West of Burkina Faso. ⋯ Additional health facilities and encouragement of women to give birth in these facilities could improve timely vaccination with BCG. Rural children had an advantage over the urban children in timely vaccination, which is probably attributable to outreach vaccination teams amongst other factors. As urban children rely on their mothers' own initiative to get vaccinated, urban mothers should be encouraged more strongly to get their children vaccinated in time.
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In the 1990s, China introduced rubella vaccine into the private market using BRD-II virus strain, which is different than the globally used RA27/3 strain. In 2007, BRD-II rubella containing vaccine was introduced into the national immunization program and recommended for routine use. However, to our knowledge, there are no field vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies of BRD-II rubella vaccine. In April 2011, a rubella outbreak was detected in two daycare centers in Harbin city, China. We conducted an investigation to determine VE of BRD-II rubella vaccine. ⋯ Domestic BRD-II strain rubella vaccine showed high vaccine effectiveness against rubella. Rubella vaccine coverage through routine immunization was insufficient. Consideration should be given for measuring rubella vaccine coverage to determine the need for catch-up vaccination in China.
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To perform a systematic review of all serious adverse events (SAEs) after yellow fever vaccination and to assess them according to Brighton Collaboration criteria. ⋯ One hundred and thirty-one cases met Brighton Collaboration criteria for serious adverse events after yellow fever vaccination. Another 345 cases did not meet Brighton criteria and 253 were excluded as presenting insufficient data to be regarded as serious adverse events after YFV. There are likely to be cases in areas that are remote or with insufficient diagnostic resources that are neither correctly assessed nor not published.
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The introduction of the 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in the childhood immunisation programme in Norway in 2006 substantially decreased the incidence of vaccine-type (VT) invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in all age groups. Additionally, a slight increase in the non-vaccine (NVT) serotype IPD incidence (serotype replacement) was observed. After replacing PCV7 with PCV13 in 2011, a further decrease in IPD incidence is expected. ⋯ The incidence of some NVT, specifically serotypes 23B and 15A, increased after PCV13 introduction. This coincided with an increased Simpson's index of diversity in the targeted age group. As this suggests that serotype replacement is again occurring, continues monitoring of IPD is important so that adaptations to vaccine recommendations can be promptly issued.