Health policy
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This paper reports on a series of studies that were conducted at the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS) between 2001 and 2002 to determine the role, structure and workings of their local research ethics committees (LRECs). The IMSS, unlike other Mexican health institutions, has a formal system of committees. Such committees operate under a regulatory system and are charged with scrutinising all research proposals in order to ensure their scientific validity and to protect the rights and well being of research subjects [Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social. ⋯ Descriptive ethics: a qualitative study of local research ethics committees in Mexico, Developing World Bioethics, 2005, in press] highlighted the focus of the committees on rules, regulations and the law with little understanding of the important individual role of members in complementing and adding to these structures and perspectives. The paper suggests that, to support staff and to protect research subjects, the organizational structure, management and decision making process of the IMSS's LRECs ought to be assessed regularly through audit cycles. In order to support the further development of the committees, the aim of the audit cycles should be focused on education and development of the vision, perspectives, values, and working processes of each LREC.
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The policy on universal coverage (UC) of health care has been adopted and implemented incrementally by the government of Thailand since April 2001 with the aim of providing the access to care for the uninsured population. The success of UC, however, depends on how effective its design and implementation arrangements are in reaching population and affecting households' health seeking behavior and abilities to take up benefits of UC. ⋯ The insurance status had statistically significant association with health care use, and knowledge on family planning method and sexually transmitted diseases. Additionally, consumer preferences and socioeconomics factors are a key to disparities in health care utilization.
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The Australian public insurer, Medicare, allows general practitioners (GPs) to bulk bill patients, or accept the government rebate as full payment for their services. The percentage of GP consultations bulk billed, however has declined from 78.6% in June 2000 to 65.7% in December 2003. The immediate impact of a declining level of bulk billing is a decrease in the availability of free GP health care for patients. ⋯ The first is a failure of the rebate to maintain a level consistent with increases in medical practice costs. The second is a decline in GPs in some regional and rural areas resulting in a decrease in price competition. The government has recently made changes to deal with the decline in bulk billing and based on three quarters of data, there has been a modest improvement in bulk billing.