European journal of anaesthesiology
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To determine the minimal oxygen delivery and pump flow that can maintain systemic oxygen uptake during normothermic (37 degrees C) pulsatile and non-pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass in dogs. ⋯ Oxygen delivery values greater than 7-8 mL min(-1) kg(-1) were required to maintain oxygen uptake during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass with either pulsatile or non-pulsatile blood flow. Elevation of blood lactate levels during bypass helps to identify inadequate tissue oxygen delivery related to insufficient pump flow.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
The effects of magnesium sulphate on sevoflurane minimum alveolar concentrations and haemodynamic responses.
Magnesium administered before anaesthesia induction results in a significant reduction in intravenous anaesthetic consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the dose of intravenous magnesium sulphate reduces the minimum alveolar anaesthetic concentration of sevoflurane for endotracheal intubation (MACEI) and skin incision (MAC), and attenuates haemodynamic responses. ⋯ Magnesium sulphate administered before induction of anaesthesia increases MAC of sevoflurane and reduces cardiovascular responses to intubation.
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Comparative Study
Comparison of invasive and less-invasive techniques of cardiac output measurement under different haemodynamic conditions in a pig model.
Despite the introduction of various less-invasive concepts of cardiac output measurement, pulmonary arterial thermodilution is still the most common measurement technique. ⋯ Our data suggest that pulmonary arterial thermodilution and PiCCO may be interchangeably used for cardiac output measurement even under acute haemodynamic changes. The method described by Bland and Altman demonstrated an overestimation of cardiac output for both thermodilution methods. HemoSonic and NICO offer non-invasive alternatives and complementary monitoring tools in numerous clinical situations. Trend monitoring and haemodynamic optimizing can be applied sufficiently, when absolute measures are judged critically in a clinical context. The use of the NICO system seems to be limited during acute circulatory changes.
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The cyclic guanosine monophosphate level, which causes an antinociception, is increased in cells as a direct result of phosphodiesterase inhibition. This study used a nociceptive test to examine the nature of the pharmacological interaction between intrathecal zaprinast, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor, and morphine. ⋯ Intrathecal zaprinast and morphine are effective against acute pain and facilitated pain state. Zaprinast interacts synergistically with morphine.
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The optimal depth of insertion of left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tubes is strongly correlated with body height in average-sized adults. However, this relationship has not been studied in below average-sized adult patients. We investigated whether or not there is a clinically useful relationship in below average-sized adult patients. ⋯ Although there was a statistically significant correlation between body height and the optimal depth of insertion of left sided double lumen tubes in adult patients of short stature (< or = 155 cm), clinical application of the equation is not warranted and these tubes should be inserted under direct vision with a fibre-optic bronchoscope.