Der Unfallchirurg
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Due to various functional impairments after primary extensor tendon repair or lack of treatment, secondary tendon reconstruction is often required. Anatomical considerations, the outcome of the injury and its treatment and the patients' individual demands on the function of the hand affect the choice of the procedure. ⋯ For secondary repair of an extensor tendon function, anatomical features and functional interaction of the extrinsic and intrinsic hand musculature need to be considered depending on the zone affected.
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Osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus can be caused by isolated or recurrent traumatic events. The established surgical treatment techniques are predominantly based on defect coverage by stimulation of fibrous cartilage or transplantation of osteochondral tissue or chondrocytes. ⋯ This anatomical technique can be used for selected acute and chronic OCL and can frequently be carried out arthroscopically. This article presents the indications, contraindications, advantages and targets as well as the planning and execution of arthroscopically assisted transmalleolar internal fixation of a lateral OCL of the talus.
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Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (VCF) are a common injury among older patients. The optimal treatment option (operative or conservative) is still discussed. The literature describes a reduced mortality following operative augmentation of VCF compared to conservative treatment. We examined our orthogeriatric patient cohort to find out whether there is a positive correlation between surgical treatment of VCF and the survival rate. ⋯ Although no statistically significant difference between the treatment groups could be detected (possibly due to the small sample size), the analysis showed a tendency towards an improved survival after surgical treatment. This is in accordance with international studies. Further investigations in the literature suggest that the reduction of kyphosis by surgery could represent an important causal association.
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Unguis incarnatus, an ingrown toenail, is a common condition in primary care, which is encountered by various medical professions. Inconsistent conservative treatment and nonindicated surgical treatment often result in complications and recurrence of the disease. Patients must be thoroughly informed about the complexity of the nail organ. ⋯ In cases of moderate to severe forms of acute unguis incarnatus, surgical procedures that preserve the nail matrix should be applied. For cases of chronic unguis incarnatus without an acute infection, elective partial matrixectomy can be indicated. Prior to any surgical intervention, detailed informed consent must be obtained from the patients.
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Osteochondral lesions (OCL) of the talus are defined as chondral damage with subchondral involvement. The traumatic etiology is important; in particular, sprains and fractures can lead to lesions of the articular surface and the subchondral plate. ⋯ The principles of reconstructive surgical management include internal fixation of osteochondral fragments, bone marrow stimulation, autologous membrane-augmented chondrogenesis ± bone grafting, osteochondral transfer, retrograde techniques ± bone grafting, (matrix-associated) autologous chondrocyte implantation and autologous osteoperiosteal graft from the iliac crest. Additional surgical procedures for ankle stabilization and deformity correction should be considered if necessary.