Annals of Saudi medicine
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Annals of Saudi medicine · Jan 2005
Neurohormonal changes in medical students during academic stress.
Academic stress is a good model of psychological stress in humans and is thus useful for studying psychoneurohormonal changes. The aim of the current study was to examine the effect of academic examination stress on activation of the hypothalamus-autonomic nervous system (HANS) and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis, through the measurements of changes in neuro-hormones during final exams as compared to the pre-exam baseline. ⋯ Academic stress induced significant neurohormonal changes. Leptin, NPY, nitrite, nitrate, adrenomedullin, cortisol and ACTH can be considered part of a complex mosaic model of the neuroendocrine system during academic stress.
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Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality. Since tobacco smoking is the cause in vast majority of cases, the incidence of lung cancer is expected to rise in those countries with high or rising incidence of tobacco smoking. Even though populations at risk of developing lung cancer are easily identified, mass screening for lung cancer is not supported by currently available evidence. ⋯ Similarly, small cell lung cancer confined to one hemi-thorax may be curable with a combination of chemotherapy and thoracic irradiation followed by prophylactic cranial irradiation, if complete remission is achieved at the primary site. Small cell lung cancer that is spread beyond the confines of one hemi-thorax is, however, considered incurable. In this era of molecular targeted therapies, new agents are constantly undergoing pre-clinical and clinical testing with the aim of targeting the molecular pathways thought be involved in etiology and pathogenesis of lung cancer.
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Annals of Saudi medicine · Jan 2005
Primary hyperparathyroidism in north India: a description of 52 cases.
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) has a variable clinical expression. Symptomatic PHPT is still the predominant form of the disease in many parts of the world, especially developing countries. Because the clinical profile of the disease has changed from that described in the past, we sought to improve our understanding of the disease in patients in north India. ⋯ PHPT in India continues to be a symptomatic disorder with skeletal and renal manifestations at a much younger age.