Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg · Sep 1982
Experimental induction of squamous metaplasia in the dog trachea with cuffed endotracheal tubes.
Clinical reports cite the development of squamous metaplasia in tracheas following tracheostomy, laryngectomy, and cuffed intubation. The purpose of this study was (1) to develop an experimental model using the dog trachea and study the effects of prolonged cuffed intubation and (2) to determine whether squamous metaplasia is produced by prolonged contact of the endotracheal cuff with the tracheal mucosa. ⋯ The dogs remained intubated for 14 days, at which time they were killed; seven animals were available for histologic study. Varying degrees of squamous metaplasia were produced in all animals.
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Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a chemically induced, genetic myopathy characterized by metabolic and respiratory acidosis, arrhythmias, hyperpyrexia, and muscular rigidity usually occurring during or within 24 hours postanesthesia. It is initiated by some anesthetic drugs, muscle relaxants, and possibly by catecholamines produced by stress. The incidence of the disease is 1:15,000 in populations who have received a general anesthetic. A recently developed platelet bioassay test allows for rapid identification of the susceptible individual, while medication with dantrolene sodium can usually prevent or reverse the syndrome.
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Thymic cysts are unusual neck masses in adults and children and are rarely differentiated from other neck masses by physical examination. This is a case report of a thymic cyst producing airway obstruction in a neonate. The embryogenesis and differential diagnosis of thymic cysts are reviewed.