Diabetes research and clinical practice
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Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. · Sep 2011
Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) in early pregnancy is associated with development of preeclampsia in type 1 diabetes.
The vasoactive markers of cardiac overload Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) and Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) are elevated in preeclampsia. This study documents higher ANP concentrations as early as at 9 weeks in type 1 diabetic women subsequently developing preeclampsia suggesting that preeclampsia is associated with cardiovascular changes in early pregnancy.
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Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. · Aug 2011
Case ReportsDiabetic ketoacidosis during gestational diabetes. A case report.
Diabetic ketoacidosis is an infrequent complication of gestational diabetes but results in fetal loss. It usually occurs in the later stages of pregnancy. We report two young pregnant women who were admitted because of newly diagnosed diabetes with ketoacidosis. One patient presented with intrauterine fetal demise.
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Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. · Aug 2011
ReviewInsulin therapy in children and adolescents with diabetes.
Diabetes type 1 constitutes a growing problem for many children and adolescents worldwide. Diabetic children and adolescents are dependent on insulin for survival. Today, insulin treatment, either in the classic insulin forms or in the form of insulin analogs, is widely used in the pediatric diabetic population. New methods of insulin administration like the continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion systems (pumps) have been developed to ameliorate metabolic control and reduce diabetic complications.
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The major effects of insulin on muscle and adipose tissue are: (1) Carbohydrate metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of glucose transport across the cell membrane, (b) it increases the rate of glycolysis by increasing hexokinase and 6-phosphofructokinase activity, (c) it stimulates the rate of glycogen synthesis and decreases the rate of glycogen breakdown. (2) Lipid metabolism: (a) it decreases the rate of lipolysis in adipose tissue and hence lowers the plasma fatty acid level, (b) it stimulates fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis in tissues, (c) it increases the uptake of triglycerides from the blood into adipose tissue and muscle, (d) it decreases the rate of fatty acid oxidation in muscle and liver. (3) Protein metabolism: (a) it increases the rate of transport of some amino acids into tissues, (b) it increases the rate of protein synthesis in muscle, adipose tissue, liver, and other tissues, (c) it decreases the rate of protein degradation in muscle (and perhaps other tissues). These insulin effects serve to encourage the synthesis of carbohydrate, fat and protein, therefore, insulin can be considered to be an anabolic hormone.