Pediatric pulmonology
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Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) was first described by Northway et al in 1967. This article describes the evolution of our understanding of the pathophysiology of BPD and the approaches to treatments of this illness developed over the past fifty years. These interventions had their roots in the understanding of the principles of the surface tension present at air-liquid interfaces, which were developed over 150 years before BPD's initial description. ⋯ Understanding of molecular, genetic and physiologic mechanisms has led to newer treatments that have mitigated some of the harmful effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation. Recognition of BPD as a chronic multi-system disease has resulted in further improvements in care after discharge from neonatal intensive care. Since many of the origins of chronic obstructive lung disease in adults are based in childhood respiratory illnesses, improving outcomes of BPD in infancy and childhood will undoubtedly lead to improved respiratory outcomes in the adults that these children will become.
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Pediatric pulmonology · Aug 2021
Impact of COVID-19 outbreak in acute bronchiolitis: Lesson from a tertiary Italian Emergency Department.
To assess the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak on pediatric emergency department (ED) visits for acute bronchiolitis during the epidemic season. ⋯ Our data emphasize the reduction in the rate of admission to pediatric ED for acute bronchiolitis during the COVID-19 outbreak, regardless of changes in circulating respiratory viruses. Therefore we want to highlight the importance of nonpharmacological preventive hygiene measures that should be maintained even at the end of the COVID-19 outbreak.
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Pediatric pulmonology · Jul 2021
Comparative StudyComparison of computed tomography (CT) findings with RT-PCR in the diagnosis of COVID-19 in children.
This study aimed to compare chest computed tomography (CT) findings with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results in children with probable or definitive diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ⋯ Chest CT findings may provide some clues in predicting RT-PCR positivity in children with a probable diagnosis of COVID-19. Lobe involvement percentage of up to 25% is a finding in favor of patients with positive RT-PCR test, whereas 25%-75% lobe involvement, central and perihilar involvement, and consolidation can be interpreted in favor of patients with negative RT-PCR test.
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Pediatric pulmonology · Jun 2021
Comparative StudyComparison of chest radiography and chest CT for evaluation of pediatric COVID-19 pneumonia: Does CT add diagnostic value?
First, to investigate the added diagnostic value of chest computed tomography (CT) for evaluating COVID-19 in symptomatic children by comparing chest CT findings with chest radiographic findings, and second, to identify the imaging signs and patterns on CT associated with COVID-19 pneumonia in children. ⋯ Chest CT detected lung abnormalities, including GGO and/or consolidation, that were not observed on chest radiography in more than half of symptomatic pediatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. However, these additional CT findings did not affect patient management. Therefore, CT is not clinically indicated for the initial evaluation of mild to moderately symptomatic pediatric patients with COVID-19 pneumonia.
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Pediatric pulmonology · Jun 2021
Randomized Controlled TrialEffectiveness of postural lung recruitment on postoperative atelectasis assessed by lung ultrasound in children undergoing lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
To assess the effects of postural lung recruitment maneuvers on the postoperative atelectasis assessed by lung ultrasound (LUS) compared with supine position recruitment maneuvers in children undergoing right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass. ⋯ Postoperative postural recruitment maneuver was more effective to improve reaeration of lung than supine position recruitment maneuver in children undergoing right lateral thoracotomy cardiac surgery with CPB.