Cleveland Clinic journal of medicine
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Functional heartburn--persistent symptoms of esophageal reflux with no objective evidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)--is the most common cause of failure of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy, but it is often overlooked by internists and gastroenterologists.
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Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) were originally designed and marketed for treating depression, but over time they have been applied to a variety of conditions, mostly off-label. TCAs can serve as first-line or augmenting drugs for neuropathic pain, headache, migraine, gastrointestinal syndromes, fibromyalgia, pelvic pain, insomnia, and psychiatric conditions other than depression. This article reviews pharmacology, dosing, and safety considerations for these uses.
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Vaping devices, introduced to the US market in 2007 as aids for smoking cessation, have become popular among youth and young adults because of their enticing flavors and perceived lack of negative health effects. However, evidence is emerging that vaping may introduce high levels of dangerous chemicals into the body and cause severe lung injury and death. This article reviews the history and prevalence of vaping and available research on its health effects and efficacy in smoking cessation, and proposes recommendations for clinicians and legislators to reduce harms associated with vaping.