American journal of preventive medicine
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Individuals with intellectual disability have a high prevalence of obesity and low physical activity levels, which are risk factors for hypertension. This study estimated the prevalence of hypertension in a global data set of adults with intellectual disability participating in Special Olympics and investigated the role of physical activity and obesity in hypertension risk. ⋯ This study is the first to determine population-based prevalence rates of hypertension in individuals with intellectual disability. It highlights the similarity in prevalence to the general population. The results emphasize the importance of population-wide screening, increasing physical activity, and reducing obesity in decreasing cardiovascular risk in this population.
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This study examines the implementation of North Carolina's statewide naloxone standing order and identifies community characteristics associated with pharmacy stocking and willingness to sell naloxone under the standing order. ⋯ Though more than half of the pharmacies in North Carolina participate in the standing order for naloxone, efforts to identify the best practices for ensuring widespread implementation of statewide standing orders for naloxone are warranted.
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Previous research has demonstrated an association between military sexual trauma and risk for suicide; however, risk for self-directed violence such as suicide attempt or nonsuicidal self-injury following military sexual trauma is understudied. This study examines the relationship between military sexual trauma and serious self-directed violence resulting in hospitalization, as well as whether this relationship differs by sex. ⋯ Military sexual trauma is associated with risk for serious self-directed violence for both men and women veterans, and the relationship may be pronounced among women. Results underscore the importance of incorporating military sexual trauma into treatment and preventative efforts for self-directed violence.
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With a rapid increase in prescription opioid overdose deaths and a proliferation of pain clinics in the mid-2000s, Florida emerged as an epicenter of the opioid overdose epidemic. In response, Florida implemented pain clinic laws and operationalized its Prescription Drug Monitoring Program. This study examines the effect of these policies on rates of inpatient stays and emergency department visits for opioid-related overdoses. ⋯ To address the opioid overdose epidemic, states have implemented policies such as Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs and pain clinic laws designed to reduce inappropriate opioid prescribing. Such laws may be effective in reducing prescription opioid-related overdoses.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Cardiovascular Disease Guideline Adherence: An RCT Using Practice Facilitation.
Practice facilitation is a promising practice transformation strategy, but further examination of its effectiveness in improving adoption of guidelines for multiple cardiovascular disease risk factors is needed. The objective of the study is to determine whether practice facilitation is effective in increasing the proportion of patients meeting the Million Hearts ABCS outcomes: (A) aspirin when indicated, (B) blood pressure control, (C) cholesterol management, and (S) smoking screening and cessation intervention. ⋯ Increasing the impact of practice facilitation programs that target multiple risk factors may require a longer, more intense intervention and greater attention to external policy and practice context.