Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift
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Computed tomography (CT) ist the primary modality of choice for imaging patients with acute head trauma. Lesions of the soft tissues and of the bones can be assessed more precisely than with other imaging modalities. ⋯ Urgent indication to perform a CT examination depends on the patient's history and on the mechanism of trauma. Image interpretation has been performed in the context of typical pathologic effects of trauma and with respect to potential therapy.
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Wien Med Wochenschr · Jan 2001
Review[Angiotensin II type-1 receptor antagonists and diabetes mellitus].
Arterial hypertension is a major risk factor for microangiopathic diabetic complications and associated with an increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. An intensified antihypertensive treatment reduces microangiopathic complications and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Even in normotensive type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients, the treatment with ACE inhibitors may prevent the later development of diabetic nephropathy. ⋯ Further, it is unknown whether different phenotypes of the ACE gene (DD, II polymorphism) require different therapeutic options. In conclusion, treatment with angiotensin II receptor antagonists is well-tolerated and has no adverse effects on metabolic control in diabetic patients. The beneficial effect on microangiopathic complications however has to be proven in randomized long-term studies in direct comparison with ACE inhibitors, which were clearly shown to delay the development and progression of diabetic nephropathy.
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Wien Med Wochenschr · Jan 2001
Review[Differential diagnosis of acute and chronic pelvic pain in women].
Acute and chronic forms of pelvic pain are symptoms of various gynaecological entities with a difficult clinical differential diagnosis. Acute pains are generally intensive attacks with a sudden onset, rapid progression, and normally short duration. ⋯ Transvaginal sonography is an efficient tool to document morphologic abnormalities. Other imaging modalities, especially magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are valuable to differentiate gynaecological from other abdominal causes of pelvic pain.
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Fractures of the distal radius are common counting for 17 percent of all fractures. With conventional radiography they can be classified readily. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a suitable technique for the detection of occult forms of fractures and of associated soft tissue injuries. ⋯ Indications for arthrography are injuries of the ligaments or of the joint capsule. Fractures and dislocations of the metacarpal, and the phalangeal bones are the most common fractures of the skeletal system. Conventional radiography is the primary imaging technique, followed by sonography and MRI to detect injuries of the ligaments and tendons.