Nutrition
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The rs9939609 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene is involved in obesity. Few studies have been conducted on patients who underwent bariatric surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of FTO SNPs on body weight, body composition, and weight regain during a 60-mo follow-up period after bariatric surgery. ⋯ There is a different evolution of weight loss in obese carriers of the FTO gene variant rs9939609 after bariatric surgery. However, this pattern was evident at only 2 y postbariatric surgery, inducing a lower proportion of surgery success and a greater and earlier weight regain.
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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Several of the proposed mechanisms for the development of CVD in OSA are similar to those proposed for the increased risk of CVD in obesity, so that it is difficult to determine the influence of OSA on these pathogenic mechanisms in obese individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship of OSA with endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers, metabolic profile, sympathetic nervous system activity, and blood pressure (BP) in obese individuals. ⋯ The present study suggests that in obese individuals OSA is independently associated with inflammation and insulin resistance, but not with BP, plasma catecholamines and endothelial function.
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The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of nutritional risk and its association with multiple adverse clinical outcomes in a large cohort of acutely ill medical inpatients from a Swiss tertiary care hospital. ⋯ Nutritional risk is significant in acutely ill medical inpatients and is associated with increased medical resource use, adverse clinical outcomes, and impairments in functional ability and QoL. Randomized trials are needed to evaluate evidence-based preventive and treatment strategies focusing on nutritional factors to improve outcomes in these high-risk patients.
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Brain stroke is the third most important cause of death in developed countries. We studied the effect of different dietary lipids on the outcome of a permanent ischemic stroke rat model. ⋯ Dietary lipids modulate NOS and PLA2 activities, ceramide production, and glutathione import into the mitochondrial matrix, finally determining the activation of the two main protease systems involved in programmed cell death. Olive oil appears to be a biological source for the isolation of protective agents that block the expansion of brain core at the expense of penumbral neurons.
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Oral feeding intolerance (OFI) is a common complication of nutritional management in acute pancreatitis (AP) and is associated with significantly worse clinical outcomes and increased cost of treatment. However, changes in patient-reported outcomes associated with OFI during AP and effect of OFI on quality of life (QoL) have, to our knowledge, never been studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between OFI and QoL in patients with AP. ⋯ QoL is significantly impaired in patients with AP who develop OFI. Nutritional management of acute pancreatitis needs to be optimized to prevent the occurrence of OFI.