Nutrition
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Previous studies have shown that Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) leads to rapid regression of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of RYGB on serum lipopolysaccharide (LPS), interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and cecal microbiota in obese rats with T2D. ⋯ Hypoglycemic effects after RYGB may be associated with improved levels of LPS, IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-α. Changes in the structure of cecal microbiota may also play an important role.
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Review Meta Analysis
Sex differences in orthorexic eating behaviors: A systematic review and meta-analytical integration.
Other than the ongoing debate about the epidemiologic and clinical relevance of pathologically healthful eating, a phenomenon called orthorexia nervosa, there is not much consensus about sex differences in prevalence rates. The aim of this study was to provide a systematic review and meta-analytical combination of derived data to better conceptualize the presence and size of sex differences in the prevalence and levels of orthorexic eating behaviors and orthorexia nervosa. ⋯ The findings indicate that, depending on the instrument in use, tendencies toward healthy eating are comparable between the genders, although pathologically healthful eating is slightly more pronounced in women. Future studies will have to adopt valid criteria for diagnosing Orthorexia nervosa and investigate additional factors contributing to pathologic healthful eating and orthorexia nervosa.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Efficacy of ω-3 supplementation on nutritional status, skeletal muscle, and chemoradiotherapy toxicity in cervical cancer patients: A randomized, triple-blind, clinical trial conducted in a middle-income country.
Supplementation with ω-3 has been shown to favor the preservation of body weight and skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of ω-3 supplementation on nutritional status, skeletal muscle quantity and quality, and toxicity for treatment of women with cervical cancer. ⋯ The results suggest that ω-3 supplementation is effective in maintaining nutritional status, skeletal muscle quality, and reduced symptoms of chemoradiotherapy among women with cervical cancer.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Barriers to and facilitators for adherence to nutritional intervention: Consumption of fruits and vegetables.
The aim of this study was to investigate the barriers and facilitators for the adherence of participants to a nutritional intervention. ⋯ Adherence to the intervention was high, and the patient-associated aspects, the logistics of the Health Academy Program, and the methodology appeared to contribute to adherence. However, the timetable was a barrier for those who were working and for those who support their families.
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Obesity is a multifactorial, complex, and public health problem worldwide. Interaction between genes and environment as associated with diet may predispose an individual to obesity. In this sense, nutrigenetics appears to be a strategy that can improve understanding of the gene-diet interaction. ⋯ Additionally, polymorphisms in these genes were found to be associated with inappropriate eating behaviors, such as increased consumption of sweets and snacks, consumption of large food portions, desire to eat, and eating associated with emotional issues. Preliminary data has supported the gene-diet interaction in determining weight loss and gain in individuals with polymorphisms in the genes involved in energy intake. Despite the advent of nutrigenetics in obesity, it is still too early to define the dietary management for weight loss based on the presence or absence of obesity polymorphisms.