Nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Two parenteral amino acid solutions and plasma levels of amino acids in the neonate: A randomized trial.
In neonates on total parenteral nutrition (TPN), amino acids may be a risk factor for developing total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis (TPNAC). We aimed, first, to compare methionine, cysteine, and taurine plasma levels between neonates on TPN who were receiving an intravenous amino acid solution based on a breast milk aminogram and those on an intravenous solution of pediatric amino acids based on an umbilical cord aminogram, and second, to determine the frequency of TPNAC. ⋯ Administering an intravenous solution of pediatric amino acids based on the umbilical cord aminogram yielded a higher taurine and lower methionine plasma concentration than did administering a similar solution based on the breast milk aminogram.
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In pursuit of developing anti-aging or age-delaying strategies, nutritional interventions have long been considered promising candidates. However, emerging advances in the understanding of the causes and effects of senescence per se have enhanced the prospects of a more focused approach in the exploration of therapies aimed at the modulation of aging. The aim of this study was to review recent developments on the molecular basis of aging and provide evidence that regulation of the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), and apoptotic pathways could be the key mechanistic targets of prospective senescence modulatory interventions. The emerging role of nutraceuticals in specifically targeting these molecular aspects of senescence are reviewed with the rationale of identifying novel opportunities and challenges in formulating food- and nutrition-based anti-aging therapies.
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Disease-related malnutrition (DRM) is a frequent clinical problem, characterized by loss of lean body mass and decreased function, including muscle function and immunocompetence. In DRM, nutritional intervention is necessary, but it has not consistently been shown to be sufficient. Other factors, for example, physical activity and hormonal or metabolic influencers of the internal milieu, are also important in the treatment of DRM. ⋯ The aim of this review was to approach DRM using this paradigm of anabolic competence, for conceptual and practical reasons. Anabolic competence is defined as "that state which optimally supports protein synthesis and lean body mass, global aspects of muscle and organ function, and immune response." Anabolic competence and interdisciplinary, multimodality interventions create a practical foundation to approach DRM in a proactive comprehensive way. Here, we describe the paradigm of anabolic competence, and its operationalization by measuring factors related to anabolic competence and suited for clinical management of patients with DRM.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Organic beet leaves and stalk juice attenuates HDL-C reduction induced by high-fat meal in dyslipidemic patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial.
Beet leaves and stalks are rich in polyphenols; however, their effect on risk factors for cardiovascular disease in humans, to our knowledge, has not yet been investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the acute effect of beet leaves and stalk juice, containing different concentrations of polyphenols, on lipemia, glycemic control, nitric oxide concentration, and blood pressure in patients with dyslipidemia after a high-fat meal. ⋯ The beet leaves and stalk juice attenuated the reduction of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol induced by a high-fat meal.
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Since the discovery of fatty acids, a niche has been carved for their vital role as adjuvants in drug delivery and as treatment for various diseases. The literature has repeatedly described the essential role of various fatty acids in treating a wide range of diseases and disorders, from central nervous system diseases to wound healing. The use of fatty acids has expanded to many horizons and in recent decades they have gained importance as drug delivery adjuvants in addition to their auxiliary benefits in treating various diseases. ⋯ The aim of this review was to provide this perspective and combine the very discreet literature about fatty acids, which includes their role as therapeutic adjuvants and drug delivery agents. It gives insights on the use of fatty acids in treating the diseases of the eye, skin, central nervous system, viral diseases, and so on. The review further discusses how the structure of fatty acids plays an important role in therapeutic activity and affects formulation stability.