Nutrition
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Muscle mass is typically assessed by abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. However, these tests are not routinely performed in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC), making sarcopenia assessment difficult. The aim of this study was to develop and validate equations for predicting appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) from data obtained in daily medical practice, with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA)-measured appendicular skeletal muscle mass (BIA-ASM) as a reference. ⋯ These two equations are a valid option for estimating ASM and diagnosing sarcopenia in patients with HNC in all facilities without special equipment.
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Nutritional intervention, including nutritional counseling (NC), plays a significant role in the comprehensive management of patients with head and neck cancer (HNC). The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of NC combined with oral nutritional supplements during radical treatment on weight loss and survival outcomes in patients with HNC. ⋯ Patients with HNC who received NC during radical treatment experienced reduced weight loss. This effect was particularly pronounced in patients with oral cavity or oropharyngeal cancer and those undergoing chemotherapy. Additionally, NC was associated with improved overall survival in this patient cohort. Nevertheless, further studies are required to validate and support these findings.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate dietetic resources and current nutrition screening, assessment, and intervention practices in pediatric oncology centers in Aotearoa, New Zealand. ⋯ Resource limitations and lack of nutritional screening and assessment prevent adequate nutritional intervention for children with cancer in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Akin to other high-income countries, there is a need to harmonize the management of nutritional challenges in children with cancer. This study provides a first step in establishing an evidence base to help support efforts to address this need in Aotearoa, New Zealand.
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Child anemia is a severe public health concern in low- and middle-income countries. Identifying anemia change over time, its spatial heterogeneity, and the influencing factors is critical to monitoring and prioritizing successful interventions. This analysis uses nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys administrated in 11 East African countries, which included 149 864 children. ⋯ Nutrition, genetic hemoglobin disorders, physical environment, poverty, and maternal and community characteristics influence child anemia. Multisectorial interventions that improve maternal and child nutrition are needed. These analyses support the design and prioritization of interventions in high-risk areas and communities.
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Enteral nutrition is the key therapy in septic patients. Different formulas of enteral nutrition have various effects on gastrointestinal sepsis. Therefore, we investigated the effects of enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury and explored the potential mechanism. ⋯ Enteral nutrition supplemented with octanoic acid prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal injury via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ/STAT-1/myeloid differentiation factor 88 pathway.