Nutrition
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The aim of this article is to explore the differences in the prevalence, sociodemographic determinants, and effects of food insecurity between international and domestic students in an Australian university during the COVID-19 pandemic. ⋯ International students experienced a higher risk of food insecurity than domestic students during the pandemic in Australia. More tailored interventions to address food insecurity need to be developed for international and domestic students by considering their different experiences.
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The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency worldwide remains unknown. In the Thai 4th National Health Examination Survey (2008-2009) cohort, ∼45% and 7% of the adult population had serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D [25(OH)D] levels below the threshold of 75 and 50 nmol/L, respectively. Vitamin D has been a hot topic in the scientific community. The aim of this study was to uncover the current situation regarding vitamin D status in Thailand. ⋯ The vitamin D status in the Thai population has improved over the past 10 y. This improvement may reflect an increased awareness related to adequate vitamin D status.
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The beta-2 adrenergic receptor (ADRB2) is involved in energy balance regulation. The objective of our study was to evaluate the role of the rs1042714 genetic variant of ADRB2 gene on weight loss, body composition, and metabolic changes secondary to partial meal replacement (pMR) hypocaloric diet in women with obesity. ⋯ The G allele of rs1042714 predicts the magnitude of weight loss resulting from a pMR diet. These adiposity improvements produce a better improvement of insulin resistance and percentage of impaired glucose metabolism in G allele carriers.
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The prognostic nutritional index is widely used for surgery prognosis, but the association between preoperative prognostic nutritional index and short-term prognosis for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery and the profiles of perioperative prognostic nutritional index remain unclear. ⋯ Preoperative prognostic nutritional index is an independent indicator for in-hospital mortality of for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery, and the variation trend of prognostic nutritional index during perioperation tends to be U-shaped.
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Future primary prevention strategies may benefit from understanding the connection between mortality in individuals with central obesity and modifiable lifestyle factors like dietary intake. This study sought to determine whether there was a separate relationship between folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in the US population with central obesity. ⋯ Folate intake was independently associated with a decreased incidence of all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.71; 95% CI, 0.58-0.87). Furthermore, higher intake of vitamin B6 and vitamin B12 was inversely correlated with cardiovascular disease mortality (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40-0.98; and adjusted hazard ratio = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.65, respectively) and the finding reveal an interaction between homocysteine and vitamin B12 and folate on All-cause mortality CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study suggest that vitamin B12 and folate intake may be protective factors in individuals with central obesity. It is important to consider both their total homocysteine level and body mass index in conjunction with these nutrients. Further research is needed to validate these findings.