Nutrition
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The aim of this study was to develop and validate a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for pregnant women to identify those who are at risk for possible deficiencies in the key nutrients for pregnancy. ⋯ Acceptable agreements were seen for most of the nutrients. Possible deficiencies for key nutrients during pregnancy can be detected by the developed FFQ for Filipino pregnant women living in low-income urban communities with similar profiles.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of climate and location while using the multivariate model of malnutrition. ⋯ Nutrition interventions may target hot spot areas that have shown increased risk for overweight and wasting. The strategies to minimize malnutrition should focus on consequences of climate change like high rainfall, length of season, and temperature.
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Obese Zucker rats display neurochemical modifications in the brain characteristic of dehydration, but are nevertheless hyperphagic. This suggests that the obese animals can be resistant to dehydration-induced anorexia. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis by comparing the effects of dehydration on food intake and feeding pattern between obese and lean Zucker rats. ⋯ Dehydration-induced anorexia is present in both obese and lean Zucker rats; however, obese rats are more resistant to dehydration by preserving their meal size and food intake. These results support a role for feeding-associated dehydration in the pathogenesis of hyperphagia and obesity.
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Home-delivered meal services are an example of a nutritional intervention in the home setting developed to enhance dietary intake and contribute to the independence of especially older adults. There is a lack of evidence about the contribution of specific elements of any home-delivered meal service on the improved outcomes. Therefore, a systematic review was performed to evaluate which elements of home-delivered meal services are effective to improve energy and protein intake, nutritional status, functional outcomes and satisfaction in adults. ⋯ A distinction can be made between services focusing on supporting homebound, essentially healthy, older adults and services aiming at the optimal, nutritional, transmural care for patients at risk for malnutrition. This review shows that various elements of these meal services can improve key outcomes. Following the rising interest and importance of these interventions, there is an urgent need to optimize such services to improve nutritional care at home regarding the increasingly limited time frame of admission in hospitals.