Nutrition
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Obesity is a risk factor for malignancy in various tissues, and has been associated with gut microbiota alterations. However, the link between obesity-associated microbiota and gastric pathogenesis has not been clarified. We demonstrated that high-fat-diet (HFD) feeding causes intestinal metaplasia, which are precancerous lesions of the stomach, with augmented gastric leptin signaling. The aim of this study was to investigate the precise role of leptin signaling in the altered microbiota composition and pathogenesis in the stomach during diet-induced obesity. ⋯ Gastric leptin signaling modulates the gastric microbiota community and regulates the pathogenesis in the gastric mucosa.
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Editorial Historical Article
Historical perspective on parenteral and enteral nutrition in oncology.
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Evaluation of body composition is a relevant clinical instrument for the follow-up assessments of children and adolescents, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is an accurate method for the pediatric population. However, DXA has limited scan area for the obese population. Thus, half-body scans emerged as an alternative to evaluate individuals with obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the body composition of children and adolescents with whole- and half-body DXA scans, considering nutritional status, pubertal development, sex, and age. ⋯ The use of half-body scans was feasible and accurate to evaluate whole-body composition. The difference bias between techniques occurred randomly and was clinically irrelevant. A high correlation was observed between half- and whole-body analysis techniques.
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Medical nutrition therapy (MNT), by lifelong compliance with a gluten-free diet, is likely the only treatment for celiac disease (CD). Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) regarding the management of CD emphasize the role of MNT over other treatment options. The aim of the present study was to review and critically appraise CD-specific MNT CPGs and identify areas in need of improvement for better adherence and outcomes. ⋯ The present study reveals the low quality of guidelines regarding the MNT of CD patients, indicating the need for updated and improved guidelines taking into consideration the proposed items of AGREE II.
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Dietary habits are fundamental issues to assess when modulating health and well-being; however, different nutritional panels may help individuals prevent acute and chronic pain. Many substances, known to be active antioxidants and anti-inflammatory compounds, should serve this fundamental task. ⋯ Furthermore, correct intake of trace elements and minerals is strategic to reduce inflammation-related pain. This review addresses these items in an effort to suggest new criteria for proper dietary supplementation to prevent pain.