Nutrition
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Review
Obesity, weight loss, and its influence on telomere length: New insights for personalized nutrition.
Telomeres are structures located at the ends of chromosomes associated with proteins, from the shelterin complex, which are responsible for the protection and preservation of the genetic material. The telomere length (TL) progressively decreases with each cell division, and recent evidence suggests that lifestyle can lead to telomere shortening. ⋯ Thus, the aim of the present review was to show the relationship between obesity and TL in addition to the possible risk factors for its shortening and how the different strategies for weight loss can modulate TL. As the crucial result, we can consider the association between TL and weight loss, and adiposity changes after different interventions, showing that TL may be used as a biomarker of responses to obesity treatment.
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Observational Study
Association between preoperative nutritional status and postoperative delirium in individuals with coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A prospective cohort study.
The prevalence of delirium and undernutrition are both relatively high subsequent to coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between preoperative malnutrition and the occurrence of delirium after CABG surgery. ⋯ Since the prevalence of delirium is relatively high in CABG surgery and undernutrition is related to postoperative delirium, considering nutrition status with NRS-2002, SGA, or adductor pollicis muscle thickness before surgery could decrease the risk for postoperative delirium.
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In developed countries, undernutrition affects mostly older adults, worsens with hospitalization, and affects immune response, with higher rates of infection and delayed wound healing-which leads to an increase in hospital stay and health costs. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of undernutrition and related risk factors in a sample of older adults who presented at the emergency room (ER) of a university hospital in Spain. ⋯ Older adults who presented to the ER had a high percentage of undernutrition, which is related to sociodemographic factors, comorbidities, polymedication, and biochemical factors. We also found a direct association between the frequency of ER visits and undernutrition, in addition to an inverse relationship with BMI. Detecting undernutrition in an ER may improve health and reduce related complications in older adults.
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The purpose of this study was to examine associations of sociodemographic and lifestyle factors with diet quality in a multiethnic population. ⋯ Diet quality was associated with sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics in men and women. The associations with several factors, such as marital status, body mass index, and smoking status, differed by sex. These findings may help to identify at-risk populations for nutritional screening and to develop nutritional intervention strategies and educational materials.
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The aim of this study was to analyze the association between the inflammatory potential of diet and sleep parameters in individuals with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the dietary inflammatory index (DII) at predicting sleep pattern. ⋯ Findings from this study indicated that the DII could be sensitive and specific for predicting apnea severity in individuals commonly associated with OSA. Although the DII was not associated with most of the sleep parameters, the few associations found demonstrated the need for more studies that evaluate whether DII is associated with the risk for OSA symptoms.