Nutrition
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Observational Study
Long-term changes in nutritional status are associated with functional and mortality outcomes among community-living older adults.
Older adults who are malnourished are at high risk for adverse functional and mortality outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the long-term changes in nutritional status among community-living older adults and their associations with adverse health outcomes. ⋯ Changes in nutritional status are associated with adverse health outcomes, and should be monitored with simple screening tools to identify older adults at high risk for adverse functional and mortality outcomes for selective nutritional interventions.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Differences in energy expenditure in human donor milk versus formula milk in preterm newborns: A crossover study.
The aim of this study was to compare the ratio between energy expenditure and caloric density in human donor milk versus formula milk in preterm newborn infants. ⋯ Formula milk produced a better metabolic response than human donor milk. Human donor milk with higher caloric content showed no difference from formula, so the use of human donor milk with more caloric density should be reinforced.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the association between aspects of the consumer food environment in food stores selling fruit and vegetables (FVs) and the incidence of overweight among users of a Brazilian primary health care service. ⋯ Given the importance of food environment in food choice at the time of purchase, it is important to consider consumer food environment in determining consumption. The results suggest that increased exposure to healthy foods should be included as guidelines for weight management.
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Observational Study
Prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in elderly patients who have had an acute stroke: A prospective cohort study.
The association between prestroke sarcopenia and functional outcomes in patients who have had a stroke has not, to our knowledge, been evaluated to date. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of prestroke sarcopenia, and determine whether prestroke sarcopenia is associated with functional outcomes in elderly patients who have suffered an acute stroke. ⋯ Prestroke sarcopenia is an independent predictor of functional outcome at 3 mo after a stroke. Our findings highlight the importance of detecting prestroke sarcopenia in elderly patients with acute stroke.
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Vitamin deficiencies may reflect less-than-optimal health in select populations. The aim of this study was to determine whether vitamin D supplementation (VDs) after malnutrition may be adversely related to cancer diagnoses in a selected group of patients with alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS). ⋯ VDs was time-related to cancer diagnosis in a cohort of patients with alcoholic WKS. The study may suggest the proliferation of cancer as an adverse effect of VDs, particularly in malnourished patients.