Nutrition
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Studies in children and pregnant women consistently showed pandemic proportions of micronutrient deficiencies in the Indian subcontinent. However, vitamin deficiencies in apparently healthy adults are seldom recognized, hence the aim of this exploratory study was to assess their subclinical vitamin status and dietary intakes. ⋯ The study demonstrated a high prevalence of multiple subclinical vitamin deficiencies, dietary inadequacies, and HHcys, which are possible risk factors for disease burden among apparently healthy adults.
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The aims of this study were threefold: first, to assess the dietary fatty acid (FA) intake and blood FA status in Malaysian patients on hemodialysis (HD); second, to examine the association between dietary FA intakes and blood FA profiles in patients on HD; and third, to determine whether blood FAs could serve as a biomarker of dietary fat intake quality in these patients. ⋯ TG and erythrocyte FAs serve as biomarkers of dietary PUFA intake in patients on HD. Elevation of circulating MUFA may be attributed to inadequate intake of PUFAs.
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Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex disease that involves malnutrition and a profound depletion in muscle mass. The thickness of the adductor pollicis muscle (APM) has been proposed as a new anthropometric technique to estimate muscle mass, check early changes, and assess its evaluation. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy and validity of the APM thickness in a cohort of malnourished patients with AN when checking local mass gain. The Doppler ultrasound maybe an affordable and useful method to discriminate all tissues around the APM area. ⋯ APM thickness reflects the addition of two different muscles plus fat and skin; therefore, this tool is not reliable to assess APM mass.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the discriminatory ability of different adiposity indicators in distinguishing subclinical inflammatory levels in individuals 21 y of age. ⋯ WHR showed the least discriminatory ability for correctly identifying individuals with elevated hs-CRP. The small differences observed among the adiposity indices hinder the recommendation of a single best adiposity measure as predictor of low-grade inflammatory levels.
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Gut microbiota dysbiosis is known to be associated with diabetes; however, the findings of previous studies are conflicting. To clarify the association between type 2 diabetes and the gut microbiota, the present study analyzed the composition of fecal gut microbiota and its correlation with specific clinical parameters in newly diagnosed, treatment-naive diabetic patients and healthy controls. ⋯ The amount of fecal Lactobacillus, C. coccoides, and C. leptum was significantly different between the patients with type 2 diabetes and the healthy controls. The levels of Clostridium were also significantly changed after 3 mo of treatment in the diabetic patients. Further research is needed to clarify the correlation or causal relationship between the gut microbiota dysbiosis and type 2 diabetes.