Nutrition
-
Adipose tissue plays a central role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. However, the molecular changes that promote these diseases are not completely understood. Several studies demonstrated that ceramide (Cer) and diacylglycerol (DAG) accumulation in muscle is associated with IR. The aim of this study was to explain whether a high-fat diet (HFD) leads to bioactive lipid accumulation in adipose tissue and how metformin affects the lipid content in adipocytes and the concentration of plasma adipocytokines. ⋯ These results indicated that bioactive lipids accumulation in adipose tissue influences the induction of IR and, at least in part, answered the question of what the insulin-sensitizing effect of metformin at the level of adipose tissue is.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Randomized study of the effects of cocoa-rich chocolate on the ventricle-arterial coupling and vascular function of young, healthy adults.
The aim of this study was to evaluate and explore the benefits of long-term dark chocolate intake in young, healthy adults by measuring cardiovascular function. ⋯ This study demonstrated that regular consumption of HCC has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system in young, healthy adults, improving vascular function by reducing central brachial artery pressures and promoting vascular relaxation, and thus enhancing the matching of the arterial system with the left ventricle.
-
The purpose of this exploratory study was to identify the main dietary patterns of a Portuguese population of patients with gastrointestinal cancer and to analyze their association with sarcopenia. ⋯ The fat and fish dietary pattern was associated with lower odds of sarcopenia in this population of patients with gastrointestinal cancer.
-
The aim of this study was to determine the influence of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) gene polymorphisms in vitamin D metabolites before and after vitamin D supplementation. ⋯ rs7041 and rs4588 variants of the DBP gene are associated with variations in 25(OH)D levels and efficacy of response to vitamin D supplementation in Saudi Arabian adults.
-
Observational Study
Unidentified cachexia patients in the oncologic setting: Cachexia UFOs do exist.
Cachexia is an important outcome-modulating parameter in patients with cancer. In the context of a randomized controlled trial on cachexia and nutritional therapy, the TiCaCONCO (Tight Caloric Control in the Cachectic Oncologic Patient) trial, the contacts between patients with cancer and health care practitioners and oncologists were screened. The aim of this retrospective study was to identify in the charts the input of data on body weight (necessary to identify cachexia stage), relevant nutritional data, and nutritional interventions triggered or implemented by oncologists and dietitians. ⋯ Patients newly diagnosed with cancer are not systematically identified as being cachectic and if they are, interventions in the field of nutrition therapy are largely lacking. Important barriers exist between oncologists and dietitians, the former being mandatory to the success of a nutrition trial in cancer.