Nutrition
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The relationship between dietary patterns and gestational weight gain (GWG) in different pregnancy stages has rarely been reported among the Asian population. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dietary patterns and GWG in Chinese pregnant women. ⋯ Consuming a variety of foods and frequent consumption of fruits during pregnancy contributes to a more rapid increase in GWG among pregnant women in China. Findings may be useful in pregnancy weight monitoring.
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Research suggests a difference in sweet taste perception between non-Hispanic black (NHB) and non-Hispanic white (NHW) adults; however, limited research has examined sweet taste perception in relation to the dietary intake of sweet products. The aim of this study was to examine sweet taste perception and the consumption of sweet foods, beverages, and sugar in NHB and NHW adults, and to evaluate whether sweet taste perception is associated with dietary intake. ⋯ NHBs have a higher intensity of sweet taste perception than NHWs. The positive association of sweet taste perception and sweet product consumption in NHBs suggests that a higher intensity of sweet taste perception may be associated with an increased proportion of energy consumption from added sugars.
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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of phenylalanine (phe) metabolism caused by a deficiency in the enzyme phenylalanine hydroxylase that converts phe into tyrosine. If left untreated, PKU results in increased phe concentrations in the blood and in the brain, which cause severe intellectual disability, epilepsy, and behavioral problems. These disorders can be prevented if a diet low in phe is introduced. ⋯ However, there are infrequent cases of transient hyperphenylalaninemia secondary to delayed maturation of the hydroxylation enzyme system. They are especially significant in premature infants. Although these forms have not been shown to cause sequelae, in view of high levels of phe in the blood, phe consumption must be restricted.
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One of the main objectives in the treatment of childhood obesity is to reduce the percentage of body fat mass without negatively affecting fat-free mass (FFM) and, consequently, longitudinal growth. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes that take place in body compartments in a group of patients with obesity under combined treatment. ⋯ Maintaining a constant weight in the mid- to long term to improve nutritional status would be adequate in children with infantile-juvenile obesity. However, maintaining a steady weight would not be sufficient for those patients diagnosed with severe obesity.
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The aim of this study was to test the accuracy of different methods of resting energy expenditure (REE) data analysis using indirect calorimetry (IC) during traditional (30 min) and abbreviated (10 min) protocols. ⋯ All interval methods and SS methods during 10 min overestimated REE. We recommend using 5-min SS during 30 min. The measurement may be repeated until all participants achieve SS.