Nutrition
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Since the early 1990s enteral nutrition (EN) has been considered the optimal route of feeding rather than parenteral nutrition (PN), which was considered harmful in critically ill patients with intense inflammation. The aim of this review was to summarize recent developments and progress in PN, which have changed the view on this feeding technique. PubMed and personal databases were searched for studies and reviews reporting historical development of PN, and for clinical trials conducted after 2010 investigating PN in critical illness, comparing it to EN or not. ⋯ A pragmatic and reasonable approach offers better options for the individual patient. Although PN is simpler to deliver than EN, its metabolic consequences are more complicated to handle. A combination of both techniques may be a more reasonable approach in the sickest patients.
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Reports on the association between coffee or tea consumption and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) risk are inconsistent. The aim of this study was to determine if an association exists between consumption of coffee or tea and the risk for SAH. ⋯ Our meta-analysis of current evidence does not support an association between the consumption of coffee or tea and SAH risk. Further studies with prospective designs that control for important confounders and provide sufficient data for dose-response analysis are warranted.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effects of cholecalciferol supplementation on inflammatory markers and muscle damage indices of soccer players after a simulated soccer match.
Soccer-induced muscle damage and inflammation lead to a reduction in athletic performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether supplementation with cholecalciferol would reduce inflammation and muscle damage in soccer players after a simulated soccer match. ⋯ The study showed that 50 000 IU/wk of cholecalciferol supplementation for 8 wk increased the 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, with no effect on muscle damage indices or CRP. However, The IL-6 concentration was generally higher in the intervention group.
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Digestive health plays key role in our active daily life; but maintaining proper bowel movements, i.e., being free from constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, flatulence, bloating, and abdominal pain, is complex. Dietary fibers often are recommended to maintain proper digestive health, but none seems to provide a single comprehensive solution for overall maintanance of proper digestive health. Guar fiber, however, has emerged as a credible candidate for just such a solution. ⋯ The studies suggest that a regular intake of 5 to 10 g/d guar fiber is effective to treat most of the morbidities associated with digestive health. Guar fiber is all natural. It may offer potential protection and promotion of digestive health both alone and when combined with probiotics as a synbiotic formula.
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Observational Study
Diet quality of patients with acute coronary syndrome receiving public and private health care.
The aim of this study was to investigate the quality of the diets consumed by patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who received public and private health care. ⋯ The overall post-ACS diet quality remained unsatisfactory, especially in terms of cardioprotective components and among patients receiving public health care. Sociodemographic factors and the assistance model/quality were determinants of the observed differences in dietary quality.