Nutrition
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The biological basis of abdominal obesity leading to more severe outcomes in patients with normal body mass index (BMI) on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) is unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of abdominal obesity in different BMI categories of patients on MHD. ⋯ Normal-weight MHD patients with abdominal obesity exhibited a more proatherogenic profile in terms of inflammatory markers and adipokine expression, lower body composition reserves, and lower physical ability than patients with abdominal obesity with overweight and obesity. This at least partially explains the abdominal obesity paradox in the MHD population in which worse clinical outcomes are seen in abdominally obese patients with normal BMIs, as opposed to overweight and obese patients who are also abdominally obese.
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Although computed tomography (CT) is frequently used to determine body composition, the effects of using different CT protocols is not well known. The aim of this study was to determine whether contrast media phase, radiation dose, and slice thickness in CT affect body composition segmentation. ⋯ Contrast media have a strong effect on the evaluation of body composition, whereas the influence of slice thickness is less pronounced. Radiation dose can be reduced by ≥66% without significantly affecting segmentation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profile in subjects with dyslipidemia: A randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
The aim of this study was to explore the effect of resveratrol supplementation on lipid profile in individuals with dyslipidemia. ⋯ The results suggest that resveratrol supplementation significantly reduces total cholesterol and triacylglycerol concentrations in individuals with dyslipidemia.
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Previously, we demonstrated that the administration of heat-killed OLL2712 cells suppressed chronic inflammation and improved hyperglycemia in a mouse model of obesity and diabetes. The aim of this study was to preliminarily examine the effect of OLL2712 supplementation on glucose metabolism and chronic inflammation in prediabetic subjects. ⋯ The results of this study suggested that heat-killed OLL2712 cells have the potential to improve insulin resistance and glucose metabolism by suppressing chronic inflammation.
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Chemoprevention or intervention of cancer by means of natural dietary components has shown great promise in controlling malignancy. This study was conducted to investigate the chemopreventive effects of grape seeds (GSE) combined with grape skin (GSK) in mice that were inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma, and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. ⋯ The results of this study clearly showed that the combination of GSE and GSK represents a potent chemopreventive and anticancer agent in a mice model of Ehrlich carcinoma. The mechanisms that underlie the effects of these agents include cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of cell proliferation. These findings suggest that GSE + GSK may represent a natural, novel, adjuvant therapeutic strategy for chemoprevention of the growth of solid tumors.