Nutrition
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Metabolic disorders and no response to intravenous nutrition because of sepsis have been urgent problems for clinical nutrition support. Enteral nutrition (EN) has been an important clinical therapeutic measure in septic patients; however, simple EN has not demonstrated good performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different concentrations of octanoic acid (OA)-rich EN on hypercatabolism in endotoxemic rats and test whether OA-rich EN could attenuate hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-proopiomelanocortin (POMC) pathway. ⋯ OA-rich EN could increase the level of acylated ghrelin and attenuate hypercatabolism through the acylated ghrelin-POMC pathway compared with simple EN in endotoxemic rats.
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The aim of this study was to compare self-reported total energy intake (TEI) collected using an online multiple-pass 24-h dietary recall tool (Intake24) with total energy expenditure (TEE) estimated from Fitbit Charge 2-improved algorithms in adults from the NoHoW trial (12-mo weight maintenance after free-living weight loss). ⋯ These findings contribute to the ongoing research examining the validity of technology-based dietary assessment tools.
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Recently, the high prevalence of young Japanese individuals who are underweight has received attention because of the potential risk for sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence and characteristics of sarcopenia in Japanese youth. ⋯ First-year university students showed a high incidence of being underweight with low SMI and/or weak HGS, but the prevalence of sarcopenia was low in both sexes. There may be sex differences in factors related to muscle mass and strength, but further research is needed to clarify this.
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This study aimed to assess the effect of meal-type food for diabetes on improving metabolic syndrome risk factors in adults. ⋯ Replacing 1 meal per day with meal-type food for diabetes improved body composition and blood lipid levels in adults with metabolic syndrome risk factors.