Nutrition
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The geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) is an effective tool to assess the nutritional status of the elderly. However, the relationship between the GNRI and the risk for prostate cancer (PCa) remains uncertain in middle-aged and older men. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the GNRI and the risk for PCa by analyzing the serum total (tPSA) and free prostate-specific antigen (fPSA) levels (including percent fPSA [%fPSA]). ⋯ The results of this study suggest that nutritional status, as represented by the GNRI, is associated with the risk for PCa.
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The aim of this study was to examine the associations between milk and dairy product intakes, intestinal bacteria, and respiratory infections in children of elementary school age and older in Japan. ⋯ We found that higher milk intake was inversely associated with respiratory infections in children older than preschool age. Higher lactic acid drink intake could be inversely associated only in children with a low F. prausnitzii count in the intestine.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) on the regulation of skeletal muscle protein metabolism in response to nutrient supplementation during fasting. ⋯ Our findings suggest that adaptation to IF regulates protein synthesis and breakdown, leading to the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass while reducing body fat.
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We explored the relationship of dietary intake of fatty acids with chronic kidney disease (CKD) according to glycemic status in Japanese people. ⋯ Low dietary omega-3 intake and high omega-6-to-omega-3 ratio were associated with CKD in middle-aged and older Japanese people with diabetes but not in those without diabetes. These results may provide insight into the more tailored approaches for dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids to prevent CKD.
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Conventional diagnostic criteria for cachexia are based on Western studies. The aim of this study was to investigate trends in body mass index (BMI) and the rate of weight change associated with adverse outcomes in Asian patients with advanced cancer. ⋯ Low BMI, a large degree of weight change, or a combination of both, predicted death in Asian patients with advanced cancer.