American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
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Am J Phys Med Rehabil · Oct 2009
Mirror therapy in the rehabilitation of lower-limb amputation: are there any contraindications?
Mirror box therapy and its development (immersive virtual reality) is used in pain therapy and in rehabilitation of people with amputation affected by phantom limb-related phenomena. It allows patients to view a reflection of their anatomical limb in the visual space occupied by their phantom limb. There are only limited reports of its possible side effects. ⋯ Possible reasons for this large number of side effects could be the lack of selection of patients and the fact that the mirror box therapy was paralleled by a conventional rehabilitation approach targeted to the use of a prosthesis. Warnings on the need to select patients, with regard to their psychologic as well as clinical profile (including time from amputation and clinical setting), and possible conflicting mechanisms between mirror box therapy and conventional therapies are presented.
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Am J Phys Med Rehabil · Oct 2009
Randomized Controlled TrialThe effect of local injections in hemiplegic shoulder pain: a prospective, randomized, controlled study.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of corticosteroid injections on hemiplegic shoulder pain and range of motion. ⋯ Adding corticosteroid injection to conventional treatment in hemiplegic shoulder pain improved shoulder range of motion and decreased pain scores before treatment to the first and fourth weeks of treatment. Injection in hemiplegic shoulder pain is recommended in appropriate patients.