Journal of internal medicine
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The incidence of obesity-hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) has greatly increased over time, but data on long-term outcome are limited. We investigated survival and prognostic factors in these patients undergoing noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV). ⋯ Gas exchange and lung function in OHS were improved after initiation of NPPV. Hypoxemia, high pH and elevated inflammation markers predicted poor survival. Overall, NPPV was well tolerated and survival was excellent when compared with data from historical matched controls.
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Tuberculosis (TB) continues to kill more than 2 million people globally each year. Annual TB case notification rates have risen up to fourfold since the mid-1980s, with the highest rate of 1000/100,000 around Cape Town, South Africa. ⋯ The rising incidence of TB has been attributed to HIV co-infection especially in developing countries. The threat of drug resistance arising from ineffective TB treatment programmes is looming and could potentially lead to loss of any gains made in controlling the disease globally.
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The long-term health consequences of diets used for weight control are not established. We have evaluated the association of the frequently recommended low carbohydrate diets - usually characterized by concomitant increase in protein intake - with long-term mortality. ⋯ A diet characterized by low carbohydrate and high protein intake was associated with increased total and particularly cardiovascular mortality amongst women. Vigilance with respect to long-term adherence to such weight control regimes is advisable.