Journal of internal medicine
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Although a few case reports have shown that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are potential inducers of capillary leak syndrome (CLS), an incidental finding cannot be ruled out. The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics of ICI-induced CLS through a systematic review and to assess a potential safety signal. ⋯ This study showed a significant signal of disproportionality reporting for ICI-induced CLS, characterized by a long time to onset, and compared with the idiopathic form of the disease with a less abrupt onset and a less consistent hemoconcentration pattern.
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Current evidence regarding the mortality outcomes associated with calcium supplementation with or without low-dose vitamin D is conflicting. ⋯ In combination with calcium, vitamin D supplementation provides better outcomes for all-cause mortality, particularly CVD-associated mortality, in a duration-dependent manner.