Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1984
In vivo induced malignant hyperthermia in pigs. I. Physiological and biochemical changes and the influence of dantrolene sodium.
The effects of an induced malignant hyperthermia (MH) crisis have been studied in the intact pig. Both physiological and biochemical changes in skeletal muscle were studied. MH was induced with 3% halothane plus a bolus injection of succinylcholine. ⋯ The earliest physiological change during an induced MH crisis in our study was the rapid increase of the end-tidal CO2. Within 5 min after MH induction, end-tidal CO2 was doubled. It is concluded that the monitoring of the end-tidal CO2 is essential to diagnose MH at a very early stage.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1984
Metabolic correlates in infants and children during anaesthesia and surgery.
In 58 infants and children with body weights between 2.8 and 20.5 kg carbon dioxide production (VCO2 ml min-1) was measured during halothane anaesthesia for minor surgical procedures. In 22 cases measurements were made during both spontaneous and controlled ventilation during the same operation. A non-rebreathing circuit was used. ⋯ The mean value (+/- 1 s.d.) for VCO2 was 11.4 +/- 3.1 ml kg-3/4 and for VO2 14.2 +/- 3.9 ml kg-3/4. During controlled ventilation, the relationship between kg b.w. showed for VCO2 as well as for VO2 an almost direct proportionality with a mean value (+/- 1 s.d.) for VCO2 of 6.3 +/- 1.6 ml min-1 kg-1 and for VO2 of 7.8 +/- 2.0 ml min-1 kg-1. Prediction of VO2 for infants and children of this size could be based upon 14 X kg3/4 during halothane anaesthesia and surgery.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Feb 1984
Perivascular axillary block III: blockade following 40 ml of 0.5%, 1% or 1.5% mepivacaine with adrenaline.
Perivascular axillary blockade was performed on 90 patients with the aid of a catheter technique. All blockades were performed by the same anaesthetist, who practised perivascular axillary blockade three or four times a day. The patients were randomly allocated to three groups. ⋯ All three groups showed a high incidence of analgesia (70%-100%) in all cutaneous segments, and none of the blockades showed total failure of the sensory blockade. The lowest incidence of sensory blockade was found in the areas innervated by the axillary, the radial and the musculocutaneous nerves, but no difference was found between the groups. However, the motor blockade was found to improve with increasing concentration of local anaesthetic solution.