Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1985
Historical ArticleThe introduction of ether anaesthesia in the Nordic countries.
The way in which the news about ether anaesthesia went from U. S. A. to Europe is briefly described. ⋯ In Norway, ether was used on 4 March in Christiania (Oslo), and in Finland on 8 March in Helsingfors (Helsinki). Anaesthesia in Iceland cannot be traced any earlier than 1856. A table shows when the first anaesthetics were given in different places in Europe and the world.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1985
A method for epiduroscopy and spinaloscopy. Presentation of preliminary results.
A method for endoscopic observation of the epidural space, epiduroscopy, and the subarachnoid space, spinaloscopy, in the lumbar region is described using the Olympus Selfoscope SES 1711 S. The preliminary results of 30 consecutive attempts at epiduroscopy on randomly chosen autopsy cases, with 28 successes, are presented. Five spinaloscopies were performed on the same material. The results justify the conclusion that epiduroscopy and spinaloscopy are methods that can be used for study of individual variation of the contents of the lumbar epidural and subarachnoid spaces.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Jan 1985
Comparative StudyEffect of anaesthesia on respiratory function after major lower extremity surgery. A comparison between bupivacaine spinal analgesia with low-dose morphine and general anaesthesia.
Postoperative pulmonary function was studied in 16 patients undergoing total hip or knee arthroplasty. Their mean age was 65 years. Half of them received spinal analgesia (22.5 mg bupivacaine + 0.3 mg morphine) and the other half underwent general anaesthesia with halothane-nitrous oxide. ⋯ Simultaneously, PA-ao2 was increased, and Pao2 remained reduced despite increased alveolar ventilation (lowered PaCo2). In the general anaesthesia group FVC, FRC and CC were also reduced, but the gas distribution index remained at the awake level and blood gases were unaltered. It is suggested that the slight hypoventilation in the spinal analgesia group early after surgery may have contributed to impaired gas distribution and ventilation-perfusion matching later postoperatively.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Dec 1984
Midazolam as adjunct to high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia for coronary artery bypass grafting operation.
The usefulness of midazolam as an adjunct during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia was studied by following the changes in the haemodynamics and total body oxygenation after an intravenous injection of 0.075 mg/kg and 0.15 mg/kg of midazolam during the induction of fentanyl (75 micrograms/kg)-oxygen anaesthesia for a coronary artery bypass operation. These responses were then compared to the changes seen in patients receiving the same fentanyl anaesthesia without the midazolam. A rapid decline after the midazolam injection was seen in the mean systemic arterial pressure (24-32%--the lowest individual value was 45 mmHg (6.0 kPa)) and in the systolic and diastolic pulmonary arterial pressures (29-33% and 30-31%) in 1-3 min. ⋯ The tissue oxygenation seemed to be sufficient in all groups during the study period. An intravenous injection of a relatively low dose of midazolam during the induction of high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia seems to be followed by rapidly increased venous pooling and a moderately to severely decreased systemic arterial pressure. Based on the results of this study, midazolam cannot be recommended as an adjunct during high-dose fentanyl anaesthesia.
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Acta Anaesthesiol Scand · Dec 1984
Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical TrialPerivascular axillary block V: blockade following 60 ml of mepivacaine 1% injected as a bolus or as 30 + 30 ml with a 20-min interval.
Perivascular axillary blockade was performed on 60 patients with the aid of a catheter technique. The patients were randomly allocated to two groups. All patients received the same dose of local anaesthetic: 60 ml of mepivacaine 1% with adrenaline, but one group received the dose as a bolus injection, whereas the other group received the dose as fractional injections of 30 + 30 ml with an interval of 20 min. ⋯ There was no difference in blood concentrations of mepivacaine between the two groups. None of the 60 patients showed any sign of systemic toxic reactions. Fractional injection of local anaesthetic in perivascular axillary blockade does not offer any advantage over bolus injection with regard to the resulting blockade.