Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin, Schmerztherapie : AINS
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2024
Review[Extracorporeal Support Strategies in Liver Failure - Focus on Albumin Dialysis and Therapeutic Plasma Exchange].
Combining albumin dialysis for the removal of hydrophobic substances with classical haemodialysis in the treatment of acute liver failure (ALF) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) has a strong theoretical rational and clinical data showed a positive effect on laboratory and partly clinical characteristics of ALF and ACLF. However, neither the MARS nor the Prometheus System has so far been able to demonstrate a mortality benefit in ALF or ACLF patients. To date, only the use of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has demonstrated significant removal of pathogen-associated (PAMPs), damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pro-inflammatory cytokines. ⋯ In ALF, both high-volume and standard-volume TPE showed a significant improvement in survival. The data on the use of TPE in ACLF is still sparse, with only two Chinese monocentric studies in patients with exclusively hepatitis B-associated ACLF suggesting potentially improved survival with TPE. The currently recruiting APACHE study will include patients with the modern EASL-CLIF definition of ACLF.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2024
[IT Failures in Hospitals - Structures and Processes in Hospitals for Coping Cyber Attacks].
Clinics are, by definition, part of a country's critical infrastructure. In recent years, hospitals have increasingly become the target of cyber attacks, resulting in disruptions to their functionality lasting weeks to even months. According to the "National Strategy for the Protection of Critical Infrastructures (CRITIS Strategy)", clinics are legally obligated to take preventive measures against such incidents. ⋯ Additionally, paper-based alternative solutions, such as request forms for diagnostic or consultation services, department-specific emergency documents, and patient documentation charts, should be kept in a readily accessible location known to staff in the respective areas. The complete restoration of a clinic's network after a cyber attack often requires extensive recovery of numerous IT systems, which may take weeks to months in some cases. If the hospital has robust plans for cyber emergency preparedness, including regular scans and real-time backups, stabilization and a quicker resumption of operations may be possible.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2024
Review[The Role of the Anaesthesiologist in Liver Transplantation - Preoperative Evaluation].
Preoperative evaluation prior to listing for orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) requires a careful multidisciplinary approach with specialized teams including surgeons, hepatologists and anesthesiologists in order to improve short- and long-term clinical outcomes. Due to inadequate supply of donor organs and changing demographics, patients listed for LT have become older, sicker and share more comorbidities. ⋯ This review focuses on the detection and management of coronary artery disease, cirrhotic cardiomyopathy, portopulmonary hypertension and hepatopulmonary syndrome in patients awaiting LT. Further insights are being given into scoring systems, patients with Acute-on-chronic-liver-failure (ACLF), frailty, NASH cirrhosis and into psychologic evaluation of patients with substance abuse.
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Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther · May 2024
Review[The Myth about the Laryngeal Mask].
Peak pressures ≥ 20 mbar are not a contraindication for laryngeal masks. The oropharyngeal leak pressure of a laryngeal mask does not correspond to the pressure at which oesophagogastric air leakage occurs. ⋯ A good alternative is to use a pressure alarm limit. The use of laryngeal masks does not preclude the use of PEEP and/or relaxation.