Current opinion in urology
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Numerous preclinical studies have shown that general anesthetics adversely influence the development of young brains. These adverse effects are dose-dependent occurring in specific stages of brain development. Histologic examinations show increased apoptosis, pathological neurogenesis and dendritic formation after exposure in infant animals to virtually all general anesthetics at a clinically effective dose which are associated with memory and behavioral changes at adulthood. ⋯ Pending clear evidence, anesthesiologists should discuss the indication of anesthesia for surgery and diagnostic procedures with caregivers and parents taking into consideration the risks and benefits of the planned procedure.