Paediatric anaesthesia
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2023
Pharmacokinetics of dexmedetomidine in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass.
Cardiopulmonary bypass can affect the pharmacokinetics of anesthetic agents. ⋯ When cardiopulmonary bypass is applied, the plasma concentration of dexmedetomidine decreases due to an increase in the volume of distribution, so a loading dose is required to maintain the previous concentration.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2023
Childhood Obesity Trends: Association with Same-Day Hospital Admission in a National Outpatient Surgical Population.
Although the prevalence of obesity in the general population and its perioperative implications among children undergoing inpatient surgeries are well known, little is known about obesity prevalence among children scheduled for ambulatory surgery. ⋯ The burden of obesity continues to increase in children scheduled for ambulatory surgery. Children with class 2 and class 3 obesity have higher rates of same-day hospital admission following elective ambulatory surgery compared to healthy weight children, a factor that should be considered in scheduling these patients.
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Paediatric anaesthesia · Apr 2023
Modelling Adult COX-2 Cerebrospinal Fluid Pharmacokinetics to Inform Paediatric Investigation.
Hysteresis is reported between plasma concentration and analgesic effect from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. It is possible that the temporal delay between plasma and CSF nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs mirrors this hysteresis. The temporal relationship between plasma and CSF concentrations of COX-inhibitors (celecoxib, rofecoxib, valdecoxib) has been described. The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to develop a compartmental model for plasma and CSF disposition of these COX-2 inhibitors. ⋯ Transfer of unbound COX-2 inhibitors from plasma to CSF compartment can be described with a delayed effect model using an equilibration rate constant to collapse observed hysteresis. An additional transfer factor was required to account for passage across the blood-brain barrier. Use of a target concentration strategy for dose and consequent plasma (total and unbound) and CSF concentration prediction could be used to inform pediatric clinical studies.