Neuroimaging clinics of North America
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Headache is a common symptom in patients with Chiari I malformation (CMI), characterized by 5 mm or greater cerebellar tonsillar herniation below foramen magnum. Radiologists should be aware of the different types of headaches reported by CMI patients and which headache patterns are distinctive features of the diagnosis. A methodical imaging strategy is required to fully assess a CMI patient to exclude secondary causes of tonsillar herniation such as intracranial hypotension or associated conditions such as syrinx. Both anatomic and physiologic imaging can help determine if headaches are CMI associated, and assist clinicians in therapeutic decision making.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2019
ReviewAdvanced Imaging in the Evaluation of Migraine Headaches.
The use of advanced imaging in routine diagnostic practice appears to provide only limited value in patients with migraine who have not experienced recent changes in headache characteristics or symptoms. However, advanced imaging may have potential for studying the biological manifestations and pathophysiology of migraine headaches. Migraine with aura appears to have characteristic spatiotemporal changes in structural anatomy, function, hemodynamics, metabolism, and biochemistry, whereas migraine without aura produces more subtle and complex changes. Large, controlled, multicenter imaging-based observational trials are needed to confirm the anecdotal evidence in the literature and test the scientific hypotheses thought to underscore migraine pathophysiology.
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Headache may be the most common presenting symptom of unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Unruptured intracranial aneurysm can be found in the work-up for headache but direct causality is not clear. ⋯ Many aspects of unruptured intracranial aneurysm-associated headaches are unclear, including the mechanism, discriminating characteristics, and localization. This article reviews basic knowledge on cerebral aneurysm and headache, and describes the possible mechanism and characteristics of aneurysm-associated headaches.
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Neuroimaging Clin. N. Am. · May 2019
ReviewThe Connection Between Patent Foramen Ovale and Migraine.
"Observational studies have identified a relationship between patent foramen ovale (PFO) and migraine headache. In people who have migraine with aura, 40% to 60% have a PFO, compared with 20% to 30% in the general adult population. It is hypothesized that migraine, especially migraine with aura, may be triggered by hypoxemia or vasoactive chemicals (eg, serotonin), which are ordinarily metabolized during passage through the lungs. Although PFO closure is currently not a FDA-approved therapy for migraines, randomized trials suggest that this intervention may benefit a subgroup of migraineurs."
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Review of the clinical presentation, imaging findings, and management of headache secondary to intracranial hypotension.