The American journal of the medical sciences
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Comparative efficacy and potency of long-term therapy with glipizide or glyburide in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Long-term studies on the comparative efficacy and relative potency of glipizide and glyburide are sparse and controversial. ⋯ Glipizide and glyburide are effective in controlling hyperglycemia with similar doses in DM2. Glipizide exhibits greater reduction in FPG and 2PPG at 6 months. Additional studies are needed to validate equipotency of these drugs.
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Cardiovascular disease rates are improving in the United States, but not for certain subgroups, especially some African Americans. The objective of the study is to assess current levels and trends in cardiovascular disease mortality in Mississippi. ⋯ Cardiovascular diseases are a major public health problem in Mississippi that is especially severe in African American residents, and the problem is growing worse each year. It is important to identify the determinants of and solutions for this enormous public health problem in Mississippi.
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Diuretics are widely used and generally safe, but like any therapeutic agents, they may cause side effects. ⋯ Potential side effects of a diuretic can often be anticipated from its mode of action on the kidney. These complications may be mitigated with careful monitoring, dosage adjustment, and replacement of electrolyte losses. Other side effects are idiosyncratic and cannot be prevented.
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Overdose with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) may lead to serious complications. CCBs act by blocking calcium entry into the cell, thus lowering intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i). [Ca2+]i during CCB overdose has not yet been reported. We measured [Ca2+]i in lymphocytes of a patient with acute verapamil overdose with a complex clinical picture. ⋯ Three months after the ingestion, [Ca2+]i was normal, with a normal response to PHA. Verapamil overdose may run a complex clinical course, but full recovery is to be hoped for with full supportive care. Cellular intoxication, as reflected by low lymphocytic [Ca2+]i, is prolonged and lags behind the clinical recovery by weeks.
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Review Case Reports
Methemoglobinemia induced by topical anesthesia: a case report and review.
Topical anesthetic drugs are widely used by clinicians during hospital and outpatient procedures and are also available to the public in a variety of over-the-counter preparations. Although generally safe, they may cause potentially life-threatening methemoglobinemia. ⋯ Cautious interpretation of oxyhemoglobin saturation values obtained by pulse oximetry or estimated from arterial blood gas analysis is crucial lest the diagnosis of severe methemoglobinemia and the resulting hypoxemia are overlooked. If necessary, the condition is usually readily corrected by intravenous administration of methylene blue.