Clinical psychology & psychotherapy
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Clin Psychol Psychother · Jan 2011
Type D personality and posttraumatic stress disorder in victims of violence: a cross-sectional exploration.
The current study explored the relationship between type D personality and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among victims of violence (n = 189). The basic premise underlying the type D concept is that it is not the experience of negative emotions per se that renders individuals at risk of maladjustment in the face of adversity, but the way they are dealt with. Particularly the combination of high negative affectivity and social inhibition (i.e., the non-expression of emotions and inhibition of behaviours in social interactions) is assumed to be maladaptive. ⋯ Type Ds more often suffered from probable PTSD than non-type Ds. In multivariate analyses, type D personality was associated with an increased risk of probable PTSD above and beyond background variables, while high negative affectivity/low social inhibition was not. Results were discussed in light of victim support practices and study limitations.
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Clin Psychol Psychother · Jan 2011
The mediation effect of experiential avoidance between coping and psychopathology in chronic pain.
This study explores experiential avoidance as a mediator in the relationship between coping (rational coping, avoidant coping and detached/ emotional coping) and psychopathology (depression, anxiety and stress). A battery of self-report questionnaires was used to assess coping, experiential avoidance and depression, anxiety and stress in 70 participants with a chronic pain from Portuguese primary health care units. ⋯ Results show that experiential avoidance partially or fully mediate the effects of rational coping and detached/emotional coping on depression and stress. Implications for clinical practice were discussed and suggest that psychopathology is not necessary direct product of coping and other processes, such as experiential avoidance, are likely involved.
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Clin Psychol Psychother · May 2010
Comparative StudyRole and treatment of early maladaptive schemas in Vietnam Veterans with PTSD.
The role of early maladaptive schemas in understanding and treating post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was investigated. The first study examined the role of perceived adverse parenting and early maladaptive schemas in the development of PTSD in Australian and New Zealand Vietnam war veterans (n = 220). Veterans diagnosed with PTSD scored higher on the Young Schema Questionnaire (L3) and had higher scores on the Measure of Parental Style than veterans not diagnosed with PTSD. ⋯ Pre-treatment measures were similar in both groups. Nevertheless, PTSD and anxiety improved more significantly for the schema-focused therapy group. Together, these findings support the feasibility of schema-focused therapy to assist veterans with PTSD.
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Clin Psychol Psychother · Jul 2008
Comparative StudyInferential confusion, obsessive beliefs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms: a multidimensional investigation of cognitive domains.
Generally, research into the relationship between cognitive domains and obsessive-compulsive symptoms involves the use of scales that are highly intercorrelated with each other. The current study investigates the relationship between cognitive constructs and obsessive-compulsive symptoms using the item set of the Obsessive Beliefs Questionnaire and the Inferential Confusion Questionnaire. In order to create constructs that would not be excessively correlated with each other, factor scores were used to investigate the relationship between cognitive domains and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. ⋯ In particular, hierarchical regression revealed the construct inferential confusion/threat estimation to be a global and strong predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, followed by the constructs of perfectionism/certainty and the construct importance/control. Responsibility for preventing harm acted to be a negative predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms. It is concluded that the construct of inferential confusion acts as a more powerful predictor of obsessive-compulsive symptoms than any specific obsessive belief
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Clin Psychol Psychother · Jan 2008
The voice and you: development and psychometric evaluation of a measure of relationships with voices.
The experience of hearing voices has recently been conceptualized within a relational framework. Birtchnell's Relating Theory offers a framework capable of exploring the power and intimacy within the relationship between the hearer and the voice. However, measures of relationships with voices derived from the theory, such as the Hearer to Voice (HTV) and Voice to Hearer (VTH) by Vaughan and Fowler, have lacked robust psychometric properties. ⋯ The VAY was completed by a further 30 participants and was found to be internally consistent, stable over time and associated with other measures of the voice-hearing experience. The VAY offers a psychometrically stable measure of the relationship between the hearer and the voice. It may be used as an adjunct to the clinical interview and/or a measure of outcome.