Medicina
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Background and objectives: The development of the oral microbiome begins in the prenatal stage. Breast milk contains antimicrobial proteins, microorganisms, metabolites, enzymes, and immunoglobulins, among others; therefore, differences have been noted in the type of microorganisms that colonize the oral cavity of children who are breastfed compared to those who are formula-fed. Our objective was to establish the relationship between breastfeeding, formula feeding, or mixed feeding (breastfeeding and formula) with the presence of S. mutans in a population of children under 6 months of age. ⋯ In 90% of the infants, the parents indicated that they did not perform oral hygiene. The CFU count showed that infants who were exclusively breastfed had an average of 9 × 10 CF/mL, formula-fed infants had an average of 78 × 10 CFU/mL, and those who had mixed feeding 21 × 10 CFU/mL. Conclusions: According to the results obtained, it was possible to corroborate that exclusive breastfeeding limits the colonization of Streptococcus mutans compared to those infants who receive formula or mixed feeding; these results could have a clinical impact on the dental health of infants by having a lower presence of one of the main etiological factors involved in dental caries and the type of microbiome established in the oral cavity.
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Observational Study
Atrial Fibrillation Prevalence Rates and Its Association with Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Factors: SIMETAP-AF Study.
Background and Objectives: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent arrhythmia and the main cause of hospital admissions for cardioembolic stroke. The SIMETAP research project aims to update the prevalence rates of cardiovascular, renal, or metabolic factors and to evaluate their respective associations with factors that could be related. The present study aims to assess the AF prevalence rates in an adult population and its association with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) factors. ⋯ High or very high vascular risk was present in 92.4% [95% CI: 89.1-95.7]) of the population with AF. Conclusions: The adjusted prevalence rate of AF in the population aged 50 years or older was 6.1%, twice that of the overall adult population and half that of the population aged 70 years or older. The main independent CKM factors associated with AF were HF, stroke, CKD, hypertension, and low HDL-cholesterol.
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Comparative Study
A Cross-Sectional Study Comparing Oxidative Stress in Patients with Epilepsy Treated with Old and New Generation Antiseizure Medications.
Background and Objectives: Oxidative stress resulting from a disturbance of the endogenous redox system is suspected in numerous diseases of the central nervous system, including epilepsy. In addition, antiseizure medications (ASMs), especially those of the old generation, may further increase oxidative stress. To evaluate the effects of ASM generation on oxidative stress, we conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with epilepsy treated with old, new, and polytherapy. ⋯ Most oxidative stress parameters in patients receiving polytherapy with ASMs were intermediate between the results of patients treated with the old and new generations of ASMs. Conclusions: An increase in oxidative stress markers and modulation of antioxidant enzyme activities was observed in patients with epilepsy compared to controls. The results of our study showed significantly higher oxidative stress in patients treated with old ASMs compared to those treated with new generation ASMs.
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Background and Objectives: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal impact of multisite musculoskeletal pain on physical and mental health-related quality of life among individuals with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This study is a prospective longitudinal design over 8 years of follow-up. Data from 4796 participants aged between 45 and 79 years were acquired from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. ⋯ Conclusions: This study revealed that baseline multisite musculoskeletal pain was linked to declining physical and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score quality of life among individuals with or at risk of knee osteoarthritis. Moreover, having baseline multisite pain and two painful sites were associated with a decline in physical and knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score quality of life, while mental health-related quality of life did not show a significant association with multisite pain. Therefore, it is imperative for primary healthcare settings to prioritize the assessment of multisite musculoskeletal pain and develop interventions aimed at preserving and enhancing physical health-related quality of life in people with or at risk of osteoarthritis.
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Background and Objectives: Although physical health is always studied for women with diabetes, the mental health aspect is generally overlooked for this chronic disease. The present study aimed to examine the prevalence of psychosomatic symptoms, namely, fibromyalgia syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia, and how these symptoms related to the medications used in a cohort of women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (DM) in Jordan. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study recruited women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and validated scales (PSRS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and ISI-A) for fibromyalgia syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia were used. ⋯ Significant associations were evident between insomnia and β-blockers (OR = 3.23, CI = 1.51-6.95), acetaminophen (OR = 2.09, CI = 1.06-4.08), NSAIDs (OR = 4.61, CI = 2.18-9.76), and herbal remedies (OR = 5.95, CI = 2.71-13.07). Conclusions: Medications are associated with high burden of fibromyalgia syndrome, depression, anxiety, and insomnia. These findings underscore the importance of revising and optimizing the pharmacotherapy of these vulnerable patients, performing close mental health monitoring and the implementation of non-pharmacological interventions by integrating mental health services for women with chronic diseases such as diabetes.