Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology
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Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. · May 2009
Epinephrine auto-injectors: first-aid treatment still out of reach for many at risk of anaphylaxis in the community.
Epinephrine (adrenaline) is an essential medication for the treatment of anaphylaxis. Epinephrine auto-injectors are universally recommended as first-aid treatment for anaphylaxis occurring in community settings. In a World Allergy Organization survey conducted in 2003, auto-injectors containing 0.3 mg of epinephrine were reported to be available in 56.4% of countries and those containing 0.15 mg of epinephrine were reported to be available in 43.6% of countries. Auto-injectors containing an infant dose were not available in any country. The cost of 1 auto-injector ranged from US $30 to US $110. ⋯ Since 2003, the global availability of auto-injectors containing 0.3 mg of epinephrine has improved slightly. The availability of those containing 0.15 mg of epinephrine has improved more. Auto-injector costs have increased. The lack of availability and affordability of epinephrine auto-injectors for the first-aid treatment of anaphylaxis in the community remains a concern in many countries.
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Ann. Allergy Asthma Immunol. · May 2009
Modifications in forced vital capacity during adenosine monophosphate-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma: relationship with the response to methacholine and the effect of inhaled corticosteroids.
The effect of adenosine monophosphate (AMP) on forced vital capacity (FVC) has never been systematically investigated. ⋯ Although the AMP-induced decline in FVC in asthmatic patients is similar to that observed with equipotent concentrations of methacholine, the apparently different effect of ICSs on changes in FVC induced by each agonist suggests that the information provided by the 2 bronchoconstrictor agents is not interchangeable and that the information generated by the analysis of the effect of each agonist on FEV1 and FVC may be complementary.