Annals of surgery
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To evaluate the effectiveness of T + prophylactic CND (T+CND) compared to T alone on locoregional recurrence in patients with PTC. ⋯ We did not find a beneficial effect of prophylactic CND associated with T on locoregional or biochemical recurrence but did confirm a higher risk of permanent hypoparathyroidism associated with this procedure.
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Over the past twenty years explicit gender bias toward women in surgery has been replaced by more subtle barriers, which represent indirect forms of discrimination and prevents equality. ⋯ Gender-based discrimination toward women in the field of surgery has evolved over the past twenty years, from an explicit to a more subtle attitude. A work-environment where diversity and flexibility are valued would allow female surgeons to better realize their full potential.