Annals of surgery
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To review the current state of research training during surgical residency and make recommendations commensurate with current surgical training and academic environment. ⋯ We recommend incorporating a minimum standard for all trainees and flexibility in dedicated scholarly training to meet the needs of future academic surgeons.
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This study aimed to clarify the molecular mechanism of remnant pancreatic cancer (PC) development after primary PC resection. ⋯ Molecular profiling uncovered three pathways for the development of remnant PCs, namely, successional, phylogenic, and distinct pathways. The vast majority of remnant PCs are likely to be molecularly associated with primary PCs either in the successional or phylogenic way. This information could impact the design of a strategy for monitoring and treating remnant PCs.
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To give surgeons a review of the current and future use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy in patients with localized colorectal cancer. ⋯ Establishing mismatch repair status at the time of diagnosis is central to the potential use of neoadjuvant immunotherapy, in particular immune checkpoint inhibitors, in localized colorectal cancer. To date, efficacy is primarily seen in patients with deficient mismatch repair status and POLE mutations, although a small group of patients with proficient mismatch repair does respond. In conclusion, neoadjuvant immunotherapy shows promising complete response rates, which may open a future avenue of an organ-sparing watch-and-wait approach for a group of patients.