Nephrology
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Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication associated with high morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. One potential mechanism underlying renal injury is ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI), which attributed the organ damage to the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses induced by a period of renal ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion. ⋯ In this review, we examine the technique of remote ischaemic preconditioning (rIPC), which has been shown by several trials to confer organ protection by applying transient, brief episodes of ischaemia at a distant site before a larger ischaemic insult. We provide an overview of the current clinical evidence regarding the renoprotective effect of rIPC in the key clinical settings of cardiac or vascular surgery, contrast-induced AKI, pre-existing chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal transplantation, and discuss key areas for future research.
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This study aimed to evaluate the long-term outcome of patients after a severe episode of acute kidney injury (AKI) on survival and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and to identify risk factors associated with these outcomes. ⋯ This study showed that AKI patients have high mortality after hospital discharge and age, diabetes, liver disease, and Cr value at the time of discharge were factors associated with long-term mortality. The risk factors for this progression to CKD were age, the presence of diabetes and the number of AKI episodes.