European journal of pain : EJP
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The present study examined the contribution of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) to acute peripheral inflammatory pain in rats. We used formalin test in this study. After formalin injection into the rat hind paw, biphasic pain-related behavior (phases 1 and 2) was observed. ⋯ Peripheral pretreatment with sodium cromoglycate (cromolyn), a mast cell membrane stabilizer, completely suppressed 5-HT release and inhibited phase 2 responses of the formalin test. These drugs inhibited c-fos expression in the superficial layer of the spinal dorsal horn of segments L4-5 at 2h after formalin injection. These results indicate that 5-HT released into peripheral tissue and its receptors, 5-HT2A as well as 5-HT2C, at the periphery have an important role in pain-related behaviors during acute peripheral inflammation.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Lack of efficacy of alpha-lipoic acid in burning mouth syndrome: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
A systematic review from the Cochrane Collaboration stated that alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) may help in the management of burning mouth syndrome (BMS). Because all of the data on ALA came from a single group, it has been stressed that its effectiveness should be reproduced in other populations. ⋯ The fairly high placebo effect observed is very similar to data obtained from patients affected by atypical facial pain. This study failed to support a role for ALA in the treatment of BMS, and further investigations are needed to identify the cause of BMS in order to develop efficacious therapies.
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The aim of this work was to study whether fear of movement, and pain catastrophizing predict pain related-disability and depression in sub-acute whiplash patients. Moreover, we wanted to test if fear of movement is a mediator in the relation between catastrophizing and pain-related disability/depression as has been suggested by the fear-avoidance model [Vlaeyen JWS, Kole-Snijders AMJ, Boeren RGB, van Eek H. Fear of movement/(re)injury in chronic low back pain and its relation to behavioral performance. ⋯ Pain intensity was a predictor of disability but not of depression. The mediation effect of fear of movement in the relationships between catastrophizing and disability, and between catastrophizing and depression was also supported. The results of this study are in accordance with the fear-avoidance model, and support a biopsychosocial perspective for whiplash disorders.
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Clinical Trial
Long-term oral lacosamide in painful diabetic neuropathy: a two-year open-label extension trial.
This open-label follow-on trial aimed to investigate long-term safety and efficacy of lacosamide in patients with painful diabetic neuropathy. ⋯ The long-term safety profile and sustained efficacy of lacosamide observed in this trial support its continued development for treatment of painful diabetic neuropathy.
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Comparative Study
Fibromyalgia pain and its modulation by hypnotic and non-hypnotic suggestion: an fMRI analysis.
The neuropsychological status of pain conditions such as fibromyalgia, commonly categorized as 'psychosomatic' or 'functional' disorders, remains controversial. Activation of brain structures dependent upon subjective alterations of fibromyalgia pain experience could provide an insight into the underlying neuropsychological processes. Suggestion following a hypnotic induction can readily modulate the subjective experience of pain. ⋯ Our results thus provide evidence for the greater efficacy of suggestion following a hypnotic induction. They also indicate direct involvement of a network of areas widely associated with the pain 'neuromatrix' in fibromyalgia pain experience. These findings extend beyond the general proposal of a neural network for pain by providing direct evidence that regions involved in pain experience are actively involved in the generation of fibromyalgia pain.