Indian J Med Res
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Observational Study
Performance of second-trimester maternal biochemistry screening (quadruple test vs. triple test) for trisomy 21: An Indian experience.
Down syndrome (DS) is one of the most common causes of developmental delay. In India, there is no protocol for prenatal screening of DS. Second-trimester biochemical screening is still being done by triple test. Quadruple test is with better sensitivity and specificity but is not advised routinely. So, the objective of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity and accuracy of the second-trimester screening (quadruple test with genetic sonogram) for trisomy 21 as compared to biochemical testing. ⋯ Best screening for trisomy 21 is provided with quadruple test with genetic sonogram which can lower the rates of unnecessary amniocentesis in high-risk population.
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A high incidence of gallbladder cancer (GBC) is observed in northern India. This study was aimed to identify the factors involved in developing GBC in this region. ⋯ Poor bowel habits and drinking unsafe water appear to be the main risk factors for developing GBC. These are, however, modifiable factors which are capable of decreasing the risk of GBC in the north Indian population.
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Evaluation of bone marrow infiltration in lymphoma is usually done by bone marrow biopsy (BMB). This study analyzed the utility of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computerized tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) to detect bone marrow involvement (BMI) compared to BMB. ⋯ 18F-FDG PET/CT has a good sensitivity and NPV for detecting BMI in HL and aggressive lymphoma. The low specificity and PPV improved if marrow uptake pattern on interim or end-of-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT scan was analyzed. In patients with HL who are staged with18F-FDG PET/CT at baseline and followed up with an interim/end-of-treatment PET/CT, baseline BMB may be avoided. For all other lymphoma subtypes, BMB may be essential if there is no marrow FDG uptake on PET/CT scan performed at baseline.