The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of vitamin D supplementation on antibiotic use: a randomized controlled trial.
Observational data suggested that supplementation with vitamin D could reduce risk of infection, but trial data are inconsistent. ⋯ Although this study was a post hoc analysis and statistically nonsignificant, this trial lends some support to the hypothesis that supplementation with 60,000 IU vitamin D/mo is associated with lower risk of infection, particularly in older adults. The trial was registered at the Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (anzctr.org.au) as ACTRN12609001063202.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Multicenter Study
Energy requirements in nonobese men and women: results from CALERIE.
The energy intake necessary to maintain weight and body composition is called the energy requirement for weight maintenance and can be determined by using the doubly labeled water (DLW) method. ⋯ These new equations derived over 1 mo during weight stability can be used to estimate the free-living caloric requirements of nonobese adults. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00427193.
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Weight-loss maintenance remains a major challenge in obesity treatment. ⋯ Anti-obesity drugs, meal replacements, and high-protein diets were associated with improved weight-loss maintenance after a VLCD/LCD period, whereas no significant improvements were seen for dietary supplements and exercise.
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Review Meta Analysis
A systematic review and meta-analysis of dietary patterns and depression in community-dwelling adults.
Studies of single nutrients on depression have produced inconsistent results, and they have failed to consider the complex interactions between nutrients. An increasing number of studies in recent years are investigating the association of overall dietary patterns and depression. ⋯ The results suggest that high intakes of fruit, vegetables, fish, and whole grains may be associated with a reduced depression risk. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials and cohort studies are needed to confirm this finding, specifically the temporal sequence of this association.