The American journal of clinical nutrition
-
Review Meta Analysis
Systematic review and meta-analysis of different dietary approaches to the management of type 2 diabetes.
There is evidence that reducing blood glucose concentrations, inducing weight loss, and improving the lipid profile reduces cardiovascular risk in people with type 2 diabetes. ⋯ Low-carbohydrate, low-GI, Mediterranean, and high-protein diets are effective in improving various markers of cardiovascular risk in people with diabetes and should be considered in the overall strategy of diabetes management.
-
Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Clinical utility of visceral adipose tissue for the identification of cardiometabolic risk in white and African American adults.
Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) has been identified as a harmful fat depot, and sex and race differences in VAT have been reported in white and African Americans. ⋯ VAT and WC showed greater clinical utility than did other obesity measures. Because of the complexity of measuring VAT, the use of WC is recommended for the identification of adults with elevated cardiometabolic risk factors. The Pennington Center Longitudinal Study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00959270.
-
Few large studies in China have investigated total physical activity and sedentary leisure time and their associations with adiposity. ⋯ In adult Chinese, physical activity varies substantially by occupation, and lack of physical activity and excess sedentary leisure time are independently and jointly associated with greater adiposity.
-
Multicenter Study
Dietary fiber intake and risk of hormonal receptor-defined breast cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition study.
Limited scientific evidence has characterized the association between dietary fiber intake and risk of breast cancer (BC) by menopausal status and hormone receptor expression in tumors. ⋯ Diets rich in dietary fiber and, particularly, fiber from vegetables may be associated with a small reduction in risk of BC, independently of menopausal status.
-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Effect of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acid supplementation in patients with sickle cell anemia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Blood cell aggregation and adherence to vascular endothelium and inflammation play a central role in vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell disease. The antiaggregatory, antiadhesive, antiinflammatory, and vasodilatory omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (DHA and EPA) are significantly reduced in patients with the disease. ⋯ The findings of this trial, which need to be verified in a large multicenter study, suggest that omega-3 fatty acids can be an effective, safe, and affordable therapy for sickle cell anemia. This trial was registered with Current Controlled Trials as ISRCTN80844630.