The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study Clinical Trial
Effect of a phase advance and phase delay of the 24-h cycle on energy metabolism, appetite, and related hormones.
The disruption of the circadian system has been associated with the development of obesity. ⋯ The main effect of circadian misalignment, either phase advanced or phase delayed, is a concomitant disturbance of the glucose-insulin metabolism and substrate oxidation, whereas the energy balance or sleep is not largely affected. Chronically eating and sleeping at unusual circadian times may create a health risk through a metabolic disturbance. This trial was registered at the International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (http://apps.who.int/trialsearch/) as NTR2926.
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Randomized Controlled Trial Comparative Study
Diet and exercise weight-loss trial in lactating overweight and obese women.
Current evidence suggests a combined treatment of postpartum weight loss of diet and exercise. However, to our knowledge, neither their separate and interactive effects nor long-term outcomes have been evaluated. ⋯ Dietary treatment provided clinically relevant weight loss in lactating postpartum women, which was sustained at 9 mo after treatment. The combined treatment did not yield significant weight or body-composition changes beyond those of dietary treatment alone.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
High-dose cholecalciferol reduces parathyroid hormone in patients with early chronic kidney disease: a pilot, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Vitamin D deficiency contributes to secondary hyperparathyroidism, which occurs early in chronic kidney disease (CKD). ⋯ After 1 y, this oral cholecalciferol regimen was safe and sufficient to maintain serum 25(OH)D concentrations and prevent vitamin D insufficiency in early CKD. Furthermore, serum PTH improved after cholecalciferol treatment, particularly in patients who had secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Clinical trial data show that reduction in total energy intake enhances weight loss regardless of the macronutrient composition of the diet. Few studies have documented dietary patterns or nutrient intakes that favor leanness [BMI (in kg/m²) ≤25] in free-living populations. ⋯ The consumption of foods higher in nutrient-dense carbohydrate and lower in animal protein and saturated fat is associated with lower total energy intakes, more favorable micronutrient intakes, and lower BMI.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Vitamin D, tuberculin skin test conversion, and latent tuberculosis in Mongolian school-age children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled feasibility trial.
By modulating immune function, vitamin D might increase innate immunity and inhibit the growth of initial bacterial invasion and protect against tuberculosis infection. ⋯ Vitamin D supplementation for 6 mo had significant favorable effects on serum 25(OH)D concentrations and on growth in stature. A trend was seen toward fewer TST conversions in the vitamin D group. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01244204.