The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Single nucleotide polymorphisms at the ADIPOQ gene locus interact with age and dietary intake of fat to determine serum adiponectin in subjects at risk of the metabolic syndrome.
Adiponectin gene expression is modulated by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, which is a transcription factor activated by unsaturated fatty acids. ⋯ In white -10066 G/G homozygotes, an HM diet may help to increase adiponectin concentrations with advancing age. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as ISRCTN29111298.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Acute sleep deprivation reduces energy expenditure in healthy men.
Epidemiologic evidence indicates that chronic sleep curtailment increases risk of developing obesity, but the mechanisms behind this relation are largely unknown. ⋯ Our findings show that one night of sleep deprivation acutely reduces energy expenditure in healthy men, which suggests that sleep contributes to the acute regulation of daytime energy expenditure in humans.
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Comparative Study
A comparison of zinc metabolism, inflammation, and disease severity in critically ill infected and noninfected adults early after intensive care unit admission.
Zinc deficiency is a cause of immune dysfunction and infection. Previous human studies have shown that the activation of the acute phase response alters zinc metabolism. Whether the alteration in zinc metabolism is predictive of disease severity in the setting of critical illness is unclear. ⋯ The alteration of zinc metabolism was more pronounced in septic patients than in noninfected critically ill patients. Specifically, sepsis was associated with lower plasma zinc concentrations and higher SLC39A8 mRNA expression, which correlated with an increased severity of illness, including cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
MTHFR 677C->T genotype is associated with folate and homocysteine concentrations in a large, population-based, double-blind trial of folic acid supplementation.
The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) genotype is associated with modification of disease and risk of neural tube defects. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations change in response to daily intakes of folic acid supplements, but no large-scale or population-based randomized trials have examined whether the MTHFR genotype modifies the observed response. ⋯ MTHFR genotype was an independent predictor of plasma and RBC folate and plasma homocysteine concentrations and did not have a significant interaction with folic acid dose during supplementation. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00207558.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Video game playing increases food intake in adolescents: a randomized crossover study.
Video game playing has been linked to obesity in many observational studies. However, the influence of this sedentary activity on food intake is unknown. ⋯ A single session of video game play in healthy male adolescents is associated with an increased food intake, regardless of appetite sensations. The trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01013246.