The American journal of clinical nutrition
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Few studies have assessed global nutritional assessment tools and body-composition measurements in gynecologic cancer patients. ⋯ The PG-SGA is significantly associated with subjective and objective parameters and is a widely recognized, clinically relevant method of evaluating nutritional status. It therefore seems most appropriate for identifying malnourishment in gynecologic cancer patients.
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Betel nut chewing is related to several kinds of cancer, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. Whether it is associated with a greater risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality, however, remains unclear. ⋯ Betel nut chewing was independently associated with a greater risk of CVD and all-cause mortality in Taiwanese men. Regular screening for betel nut chewing history may help prevent excess deaths in the future. An anti-betel nut chewing program is urgently warranted for current chewers.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Comparison of the effects on insulin resistance and glucose tolerance of 6-mo high-monounsaturated-fat, low-fat, and control diets.
The effect of dietary fat and carbohydrate on glucose metabolism has been debated for decades. ⋯ A diet high in monounsaturated fat has a more favorable effect on glucose homeostasis than does the typical Western diet in the short term and may also be more beneficial than the official recommended low-fat diet during a period of weight regain subsequent to weight loss.
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Randomized Controlled Trial
Parallel activation of de novo lipogenesis and stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity after 3 d of high-carbohydrate feeding.
High-carbohydrate (HC) diets increase de novo lipogenesis (DNL), but effects on stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) are not so well studied. ⋯ Parallel activation of DNL and SCD was found after a short period of HC feeding.
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays a role in the regulation of intestinal inflammation and is activated by both natural (polyunsaturated fatty acid; PUFAs) and synthetic (troglitazone) ligands. The fatty acid content of defined formula diets may play a role in mediating the antiinflammatory effect, but the mechanism is unclear. ⋯ The tested PUFAs exerted an antiinflammatory effect in vitro in both models. This effect of PUFAs in Caco-2 cells is similar to that of troglitazone on intestinal inflammation mediated by PPARgamma, and the potency of the antiinflammatory effect is linked to the number of double bonds.